# q35 - VirtIO guest (graphical console) # ========================================================= # # Usage: # # $ qemu-system-x86_64 \ # -nodefaults \ # -readconfig q35-virtio-graphical.cfg # # You will probably need to tweak the lines marked as # CHANGE ME before being able to use this configuration! # # The guest will have a selection of VirtIO devices # tailored towards optimal performance with modern guests, # and will be accessed through a graphical console. # # --------------------------------------------------------- # # Using -nodefaults is required to have full control over # the virtual hardware: when it's specified, QEMU will # populate the board with only the builtin peripherals # plus a small selection of core PCI devices and # controllers; the user will then have to explicitly add # further devices. # # The core PCI devices show up in the guest as: # # 00:00.0 Host bridge # 00:1f.0 ISA bridge / LPC # 00:1f.2 SATA (AHCI) controller # 00:1f.3 SMBus controller # # This configuration file adds a number of other useful # devices, more specifically: # # 00:01.0 VGA compatible controller # 00:1b.0 Audio device # 00.1c.* PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports) # 01:00.0 SCSI storage controller # 02:00.0 Ethernet controller # 03:00.0 USB controller # # More information about these devices is available below. # Machine options # ========================================================= # # We use the q35 machine type and enable KVM acceleration # for better performance. # # Using less than 1 GiB of memory is probably not going to # yield good performance in the guest, and might even lead # to obscure boot issues in some cases. [machine] type = "q35" accel = "kvm" [memory] size = "1024" # PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports) # ========================================================= # # We create eight PCI Express Root Ports, and we plug them # all into separate functions of the same slot. Some of # them will be used by devices, the rest will remain # available for hotplug. [device "pcie.1"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.0" port = "1" chassis = "1" multifunction = "on" [device "pcie.2"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.1" port = "2" chassis = "2" [device "pcie.3"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.2" port = "3" chassis = "3" [device "pcie.4"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.3" port = "4" chassis = "4" [device "pcie.5"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.4" port = "5" chassis = "5" [device "pcie.6"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.5" port = "6" chassis = "6" [device "pcie.7"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.6" port = "7" chassis = "7" [device "pcie.8"] driver = "pcie-root-port" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1c.7" port = "8" chassis = "8" # SCSI storage controller (and storage) # ========================================================= # # We use virtio-scsi here so that we can (hot)plug a large # number of disks without running into issues; a SCSI disk, # backed by a qcow2 disk image on the host's filesystem, is # attached to it. # # We also create an optical disk, mostly for installation # purposes: once the guest OS has been successfully # installed, the guest will no longer boot from optical # media. If you don't want, or no longer want, to have an # optical disk in the guest you can safely comment out # all relevant sections below. [device "scsi"] driver = "virtio-scsi-pci" bus = "pcie.1" addr = "00.0" [device "scsi-disk"] driver = "scsi-hd" bus = "scsi.0" drive = "disk" bootindex = "1" [drive "disk"] file = "guest.qcow2" # CHANGE ME format = "qcow2" if = "none" [device "scsi-optical-disk"] driver = "scsi-cd" bus = "scsi.0" drive = "optical-disk" bootindex = "2" [drive "optical-disk"] file = "install.iso" # CHANGE ME format = "raw" if = "none" # Ethernet controller # ========================================================= # # We use virtio-net for improved performance over emulated # hardware; on the host side, we take advantage of user # networking so that the QEMU process doesn't require any # additional privileges. [netdev "hostnet"] type = "user" [device "net"] driver = "virtio-net-pci" netdev = "hostnet" bus = "pcie.2" addr = "00.0" # USB controller (and input devices) # ========================================================= # # We add a virtualization-friendly USB 3.0 controller and # a USB tablet so that graphical guests can be controlled # appropriately. A USB keyboard is not needed, as q35 # guests get a PS/2 one added automatically. [device "usb"] driver = "nec-usb-xhci" bus = "pcie.3" addr = "00.0" [device "tablet"] driver = "usb-tablet" bus = "usb.0" # VGA compatible controller # ========================================================= # # We plug the QXL video card directly into the PCI Express # Root Bus as it is a legacy PCI device; this way, we can # reduce the number of PCI Express controllers in the # guest. # # If you're running the guest on a remote, potentially # headless host, you will probably want to append something # like # # -display vnc=127.0.0.1:0 # # to the command line in order to prevent QEMU from # creating a graphical display window on the host and # enable remote access instead. [device "video"] driver = "qxl-vga" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "01.0" # Audio device # ========================================================= # # Like the video card, the sound card is a legacy PCI # device and as such can be plugged directly into the PCI # Express Root Bus. [device "sound"] driver = "ich9-intel-hda" bus = "pcie.0" addr = "1b.0" [device "duplex"] driver = "hda-duplex" bus = "sound.0" cad = "0"
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