.. highlight:: c .. _concrete: ********************** Concrete Objects Layer ********************** The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`. The chapter is structured like the "family tree" of Python object types. .. warning:: While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for ``NULL`` being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing ``NULL`` to be passed in can cause memory access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter. .. _fundamental: Fundamental Objects =================== This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``. .. toctree:: type.rst none.rst .. _numericobjects: Numeric Objects =============== .. index:: object: numeric .. toctree:: long.rst bool.rst float.rst complex.rst .. _sequenceobjects: Sequence Objects ================ .. index:: object: sequence Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are intrinsic to the Python language. .. XXX sort out unicode, str, bytes and bytearray .. toctree:: bytes.rst bytearray.rst unicode.rst tuple.rst list.rst .. _mapobjects: Container Objects ================= .. index:: object: mapping .. toctree:: dict.rst set.rst .. _otherobjects: Function Objects ================ .. toctree:: function.rst method.rst cell.rst code.rst Other Objects ============= .. toctree:: file.rst module.rst iterator.rst descriptor.rst slice.rst memoryview.rst weakref.rst capsule.rst frame.rst gen.rst coro.rst contextvars.rst datetime.rst typehints.rst
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