.. include:: common.txt
:mod:`pygame.font`
==================
.. module:: pygame.font
:synopsis: pygame module for loading and rendering fonts
| :sl:`pygame module for loading and rendering fonts`
The font module allows for rendering TrueType fonts into a new Surface object.
It accepts any UCS-2 character ('\u0001' to '\uFFFF'). This module is optional
and requires SDL_ttf as a dependency. You should test that :mod:`pygame.font`
is available and initialized before attempting to use the module.
Most of the work done with fonts are done by using the actual Font objects. The
module by itself only has routines to initialize the module and create Font
objects with ``pygame.font.Font()``.
You can load fonts from the system by using the ``pygame.font.SysFont()``
function. There are a few other functions to help lookup the system fonts.
Pygame comes with a builtin default font. This can always be accessed by
passing None as the font name.
To use the :mod:`pygame.freetype` based ``pygame.ftfont`` as
:mod:`pygame.font` define the environment variable PYGAME_FREETYPE before the
first import of :mod:`pygame`. Module ``pygame.ftfont`` is a :mod:`pygame.font`
compatible module that passes all but one of the font module unit tests:
it does not have the UCS-2 limitation of the SDL_ttf based font module, so
fails to raise an exception for a code point greater than '\uFFFF'. If
:mod:`pygame.freetype` is unavailable then the SDL_ttf font module will be
loaded instead.
.. function:: init
| :sl:`initialize the font module`
| :sg:`init() -> None`
This method is called automatically by ``pygame.init()``. It initializes the
font module. The module must be initialized before any other functions will
work.
It is safe to call this function more than once.
.. ## pygame.font.init ##
.. function:: quit
| :sl:`uninitialize the font module`
| :sg:`quit() -> None`
Manually uninitialize SDL_ttf's font system. This is called automatically by
``pygame.quit()``.
It is safe to call this function even if font is currently not initialized.
.. ## pygame.font.quit ##
.. function:: get_init
| :sl:`true if the font module is initialized`
| :sg:`get_init() -> bool`
Test if the font module is initialized or not.
.. ## pygame.font.get_init ##
.. function:: get_default_font
| :sl:`get the filename of the default font`
| :sg:`get_default_font() -> string`
Return the filename of the system font. This is not the full path to the
file. This file can usually be found in the same directory as the font
module, but it can also be bundled in separate archives.
.. ## pygame.font.get_default_font ##
.. function:: get_fonts
| :sl:`get all available fonts`
| :sg:`get_fonts() -> list of strings`
Returns a list of all the fonts available on the system. The names of the
fonts will be set to lowercase with all spaces and punctuation removed. This
works on most systems, but some will return an empty list if they cannot
find fonts.
.. ## pygame.font.get_fonts ##
.. function:: match_font
| :sl:`find a specific font on the system`
| :sg:`match_font(name, bold=False, italic=False) -> path`
Returns the full path to a font file on the system. If bold or italic are
set to true, this will attempt to find the correct family of font.
The font name can also be an iterable of font names, a string of
comma-separated font names, or a bytes of comma-separated font names, in
which case the set of names will be searched in order.
If none of the given names are found, None is returned.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.1 Accept an iterable of font names.
Example:
::
print pygame.font.match_font('bitstreamverasans')
# output is: /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-bitstream-vera/Vera.ttf
# (but only if you have Vera on your system)
.. ## pygame.font.match_font ##
.. function:: SysFont
| :sl:`create a Font object from the system fonts`
| :sg:`SysFont(name, size, bold=False, italic=False) -> Font`
Return a new Font object that is loaded from the system fonts. The font will
match the requested bold and italic flags. Pygame uses a small set of common
font aliases. If the specific font you ask for is not available, a reasonable
alternative may be used. If a suitable system font is not found this will
fall back on loading the default pygame font.
The font name can also be an iterable of font names, a string of
comma-separated font names, or a bytes of comma-separated font names, in
which case the set of names will be searched in order.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.1 Accept an iterable of font names.
.. ## pygame.font.SysFont ##
.. class:: Font
| :sl:`create a new Font object from a file`
| :sg:`Font(filename, size) -> Font`
| :sg:`Font(pathlib.Path, size) -> Font`
| :sg:`Font(object, size) -> Font`
Load a new font from a given filename or a python file object. The size is
the height of the font in pixels. If the filename is None the pygame default
font will be loaded. If a font cannot be loaded from the arguments given an
exception will be raised. Once the font is created the size cannot be
changed.
Font objects are mainly used to render text into new Surface objects. The
render can emulate bold or italic features, but it is better to load from a
font with actual italic or bold glyphs. The rendered text can be regular
strings or unicode.
.. attribute:: bold
| :sl:`Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) bold.`
| :sg:`bold -> bool`
Whether the font should be rendered in bold.
When set to True, this enables the bold rendering of text. This
is a fake stretching of the font that doesn't look good on many
font types. If possible load the font from a real bold font
file. While bold, the font will have a different width than when
normal. This can be mixed with the italic and underline modes.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
.. ## Font.bold ##
.. attribute:: italic
| :sl:`Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) italics.`
| :sg:`italic -> bool`
Whether the font should be rendered in italic.
When set to True, this enables fake rendering of italic
text. This is a fake skewing of the font that doesn't look good
on many font types. If possible load the font from a real italic
font file. While italic the font will have a different width
than when normal. This can be mixed with the bold and underline
modes.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
.. ## Font.italic ##
.. attribute:: underline
| :sl:`Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered with an underline.`
| :sg:`underline -> bool`
Whether the font should be rendered in underline.
When set to True, all rendered fonts will include an
underline. The underline is always one pixel thick, regardless
of font size. This can be mixed with the bold and italic modes.
.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
.. ## Font.underline ##
.. method:: render
| :sl:`draw text on a new Surface`
| :sg:`render(text, antialias, color, background=None) -> Surface`
This creates a new Surface with the specified text rendered on it. pygame
provides no way to directly draw text on an existing Surface: instead you
must use ``Font.render()`` to create an image (Surface) of the text, then
blit this image onto another Surface.
The text can only be a single line: newline characters are not rendered.
Null characters ('\x00') raise a TypeError. Both Unicode and char (byte)
strings are accepted. For Unicode strings only UCS-2 characters
('\u0001' to '\uFFFF') were previously supported and any greater unicode
codepoint would raise a UnicodeError. Now, characters in the UCS-4 range
are supported. For char strings a ``LATIN1`` encoding is assumed. The
antialias argument is a boolean: if true the characters will have smooth
edges. The color argument is the color of the text
[e.g.: (0,0,255) for blue]. The optional background argument is a color
to use for the text background. If no background is passed the area
outside the text will be transparent.
The Surface returned will be of the dimensions required to hold the text.
(the same as those returned by Font.size()). If an empty string is passed
for the text, a blank surface will be returned that is zero pixel wide and
the height of the font.
Depending on the type of background and antialiasing used, this returns
different types of Surfaces. For performance reasons, it is good to know
what type of image will be used. If antialiasing is not used, the return
image will always be an 8-bit image with a two-color palette. If the
background is transparent a colorkey will be set. Antialiased images are
rendered to 24-bit ``RGB`` images. If the background is transparent a
pixel alpha will be included.
Optimization: if you know that the final destination for the text (on the
screen) will always have a solid background, and the text is antialiased,
you can improve performance by specifying the background color. This will
cause the resulting image to maintain transparency information by
colorkey rather than (much less efficient) alpha values.
If you render '\\n' an unknown char will be rendered. Usually a
rectangle. Instead you need to handle new lines yourself.
Font rendering is not thread safe: only a single thread can render text
at any time.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.3 Rendering UCS_4 unicode works and does not
raise an exception. Use `if hasattr(pygame.font, 'UCS_4'):` to see if
pygame supports rendering UCS_4 unicode including more languages and
emoji.
.. ## Font.render ##
.. method:: size
| :sl:`determine the amount of space needed to render text`
| :sg:`size(text) -> (width, height)`
Returns the dimensions needed to render the text. This can be used to
help determine the positioning needed for text before it is rendered. It
can also be used for wordwrapping and other layout effects.
Be aware that most fonts use kerning which adjusts the widths for
specific letter pairs. For example, the width for "ae" will not always
match the width for "a" + "e".
.. ## Font.size ##
.. method:: set_underline
| :sl:`control if text is rendered with an underline`
| :sg:`set_underline(bool) -> None`
When enabled, all rendered fonts will include an underline. The underline
is always one pixel thick, regardless of font size. This can be mixed
with the bold and italic modes.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`underline` attribute.
.. ## Font.set_underline ##
.. method:: get_underline
| :sl:`check if text will be rendered with an underline`
| :sg:`get_underline() -> bool`
Return True when the font underline is enabled.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`underline` attribute.
.. ## Font.get_underline ##
.. method:: set_bold
| :sl:`enable fake rendering of bold text`
| :sg:`set_bold(bool) -> None`
Enables the bold rendering of text. This is a fake stretching of the font
that doesn't look good on many font types. If possible load the font from
a real bold font file. While bold, the font will have a different width
than when normal. This can be mixed with the italic and underline modes.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`bold` attribute.
.. ## Font.set_bold ##
.. method:: get_bold
| :sl:`check if text will be rendered bold`
| :sg:`get_bold() -> bool`
Return True when the font bold rendering mode is enabled.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`bold` attribute.
.. ## Font.get_bold ##
.. method:: set_italic
| :sl:`enable fake rendering of italic text`
| :sg:`set_italic(bool) -> None`
Enables fake rendering of italic text. This is a fake skewing of the font
that doesn't look good on many font types. If possible load the font from
a real italic font file. While italic the font will have a different
width than when normal. This can be mixed with the bold and underline
modes.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`italic` attribute.
.. ## Font.set_italic ##
.. method:: metrics
| :sl:`gets the metrics for each character in the passed string`
| :sg:`metrics(text) -> list`
The list contains tuples for each character, which contain the minimum
``X`` offset, the maximum ``X`` offset, the minimum ``Y`` offset, the
maximum ``Y`` offset and the advance offset (bearing plus width) of the
character. [(minx, maxx, miny, maxy, advance), (minx, maxx, miny, maxy,
advance), ...]. None is entered in the list for each unrecognized
character.
.. ## Font.metrics ##
.. method:: get_italic
| :sl:`check if the text will be rendered italic`
| :sg:`get_italic() -> bool`
Return True when the font italic rendering mode is enabled.
.. note:: This is the same as the :attr:`italic` attribute.
.. ## Font.get_italic ##
.. method:: get_linesize
| :sl:`get the line space of the font text`
| :sg:`get_linesize() -> int`
Return the height in pixels for a line of text with the font. When
rendering multiple lines of text this is the recommended amount of space
between lines.
.. ## Font.get_linesize ##
.. method:: get_height
| :sl:`get the height of the font`
| :sg:`get_height() -> int`
Return the height in pixels of the actual rendered text. This is the
average size for each glyph in the font.
.. ## Font.get_height ##
.. method:: get_ascent
| :sl:`get the ascent of the font`
| :sg:`get_ascent() -> int`
Return the height in pixels for the font ascent. The ascent is the number
of pixels from the font baseline to the top of the font.
.. ## Font.get_ascent ##
.. method:: get_descent
| :sl:`get the descent of the font`
| :sg:`get_descent() -> int`
Return the height in pixels for the font descent. The descent is the
number of pixels from the font baseline to the bottom of the font.
.. ## Font.get_descent ##
.. ## pygame.font.Font ##
.. ## pygame.font ##
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