X11R6 Sample Implementation Frame Work
Katsuhisa Yano
TOSHIBA Corporation
Yoshio Horiuchi
IBM Japan
X Version 11, Release 7.7
Copyright © 1994 TOSHIBA Corporation, IBM Corporation
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this documentation for any
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Table of Contents
1. Framework
Preface
Objective
Locale Object Binding Functions
Locale Method Interface
Locale Method Functions
Charset functions
Converter Functions
X Locale Database functions
Utility Functions
Chapter 1. Framework
Table of Contents
Preface
Objective
Locale Object Binding Functions
Locale Method Interface
Locale Method Functions
Charset functions
Converter Functions
X Locale Database functions
Utility Functions
Preface
This document proposes to define the structures, methods and their signatures
that are expected to be common to all locale dependent functions within the
Xlib sample implementation. The following illustration (Fig.1) is proposed to
outline the separating of the components within the sample implementation.
Preface drawing.
Frame work of Locale Service API Proposal
Generally speaking, the internationalized portion of Xlib (Locale Dependent X,
LDX) consists of three objects; locale (LC) , input method (IM) and output
method (OM). The LC provides a set of information that depends on user's
language environment. The IM manages text inputing, and the OM manages text
drawing. Both IM and OM highly depend on LC data.
In X11R5, there are two sample implementations, Ximp and Xsi, for Xlib
internationalization. But in both implementations, IM and OM actually refer the
private extension of LC. It breaks coexistence of these two sample
implementations. For example, if a user creates a new OM for special purpose as
a part of Ximp, it will not work with Xsi.
As a solution of this problem, we propose to define the standard APIs between
these three objects, and define the structure that are common to these objects.
Objective
• Explain the current X11R6 sample implementation
• Document the common set of locale dependent interfaces
• Provide more flexible pluggable layer
Locale Object Binding Functions
This chapter describes functions related locale object binding for implementing
the pluggable layer.
A locale loader is an entry point for locale object, which instantiates XLCd
object and binds locale methods with specified locale name. The behavior of
loader is implementation dependent. And, what kind of loaders are available is
also implementation dependent.
The loader is called in _XOpenLC, but caller of _XOpenLC does not need to care
about its inside. For example, if the loader is implemented with dynamic load
functions, and the dynamic module is expected to be unloaded when the
corresponding XLCd is freed, close methods of XLCdMethods should handle
unloading.
Initializing a locale loader list
void _XlcInitLoader
The _XlcInitLoader function initializes the locale loader list with vendor
specific manner. Each loader is registered with calling _XlcAddLoader. The
number of loaders and their order in the loader list is implementation
dependent.
Add a loader
typedef XLCd (*XLCdLoadProc)(name);
char *name;
typedef int XlcPosition;
#define XlcHead
#define XlcTail
Bool _XlcAddLoader(XLCdLoadProc proc, XlcPosition position);
The _XlcAddLoader function registers the specified locale loader "proc" to the
internal loader list. The position specifies that the loader "proc" should be
placed in the top of the loader list(XlcHead) or last(XlcTail).
The object loader is called from the top of the loader list in order, when
calling time.
Remove a loader
void _XlcRemoveLoader(XLCdLoadProc proc);
The _XlcRemoveLoader function removes the locale loader specified by "proc"
from the loader list.
Current implementation provides following locale loaders;
_XlcDefaultLoader
_XlcGenericLoader
_XlcUtfLoader
_XaixOsDynamicLoad
Locale Method Interface
This chapter describes the locale method API, which is a set of accessible
functions from both IM and OM parts. The locale method API provides the
functionalities; obtaining locale dependent information, handling charset,
converting text, etc.
As a result of using these APIs instead of accessing vendor private extension
of the locale object, we can keep locale, IM and OM independently each other.
Locale Method Functions
Open a Locale Method
XLCd _XOpenLC(char *name);
The _XOpenLC function opens a locale method which corresponds to the specified
locale name. _XOpenLC calls a locale object loader, which is registered via
_XlcAddLoader into the internal loader list. If the called loader is valid and
successfully opens a locale, _XOpenLC returns the XLCd. If the loader is
invalid or failed to open a locale, _XOpenLC calls the next loader. If all
registered loaders cannot open a locale, _XOpenLC returns NULL.
XLCd _XlcCurrentLC
The _XlcCurrentLC function returns an XLCd that are bound to current locale.
Close a Locale Method
void _XCloseLC(XLCd lcd);
The _XCloseLC function close a locale method the specified lcd.
Obtain Locale Method values
char *_XGetLCValues(XLCd lcd);
The _XGetLCValues function returns NULL if no error occurred; otherwise, it
returns the name of the first argument that could not be obtained. The
following values are defined as standard arguments. Other values are
implementation dependent.
┌──────────────────────────┬─────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Name │Type │Description │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNCodeset │char*│codeset part of locale name │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNDefaultString │char*│XDefaultString() │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNEncodingName │char*│encoding name │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNLanguage │char*│language part of locale name │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNMbCurMax │int │ANSI C MB_CUR_MAX │
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNStateDependentEncoding│Bool │is state-dependent encoding or not│
├──────────────────────────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNTerritory │char*│territory part of locale name │
└──────────────────────────┴─────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
Charset functions
The XlcCharSet is an identifier which represents a subset of characters
(character set) in the locale object.
typedef enum {
XlcUnknown, XlcC0, XlcGL, XlcC1, XlcGR, XlcGLGR, XlcOther
} XlcSide;
typedef struct _XlcCharSetRec *XlcCharSet;
typedef struct {
char *name;
XPointer value;
} XlcArg, *XlcArgList;
typedef char* (*XlcGetCSValuesProc)(charset, args, num_args);
XlcCharSet charset;
XlcArgList args;
int num_args;
typedef struct _XlcCharSetRec {
char *name;
XrmQuark xrm_name;
char *encoding_name;
XrmQuark xrm_encoding_name;
XlcSide side;
int char_size;
int set_size;
char *ct_sequence;
XlcGetCSValuesProc get_values;
} XlcCharSetRec;
Get an XlcCharSet
XlcCharSet _XlcGetCharSet(char *name);
The _XlcGetCharSet function gets an XlcCharSet which corresponds to the charset
name specified by "name". _XlcGetCharSet returns NULL, if no XlcCharSet bound
to specified "name".
The following character sets are pre-registered.
┌──────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Name │Description │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-1:GL │7-bit ASCII graphics (ANSI X3.4-1968), │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │Left half of ISO 8859 sets │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0201.1976-0:GL│Left half of JIS X0201-1976 (reaffirmed 1984), │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │8-Bit Alphanumeric-Katakana Code │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-1:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-1, Latin alphabet No. 1 │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-2:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-2, Latin alphabet No. 2 │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-3:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-3, Latin alphabet No. 3 │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-4:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-4, Latin alphabet No. 4 │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-7:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-7, Latin/Greek alphabet │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-6:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-6, Latin/Arabic alphabet │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-8:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-8, Latin/Hebrew alphabet │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-5:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-5, Latin/Cyrillic alphabet│
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ISO8859-9:GR │Right half of ISO 8859-9, Latin alphabet No. 5 │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0201.1976-0:GR│Right half of JIS X0201-1976 (reaffirmed 1984), │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │8-Bit Alphanumeric-Katakana Code │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│GB2312.1980-0:GL │GB2312-1980, China (PRC) Hanzi defined as GL │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│GB2312.1980-0:GR │GB2312-1980, China (PRC) Hanzi defined as GR │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0208.1983-0:GL│JIS X0208-1983, Japanese Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GL │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0208.1983-0:GR│JIS X0208-1983, Japanese Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GR │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│KSC5601.1987-0:GL │KS C5601-1987, Korean Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GL │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│KSC5601.1987-0:GR │KS C5601-1987, Korean Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GR │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0212.1990-0:GL│JIS X0212-1990, Japanese Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GL │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│JISX0212.1990-0:GR│JIS X0212-1990, Japanese Graphic Character Set │
├──────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │defined as GR │
└──────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Add an XlcCharSet
Bool _XlcAddCharSet(XlcCharSet charset);
The _XlcAddCharSet function registers XlcCharSet specified by "charset".
Obtain Character Set values
char * _XlcGetCSValues(XlcCharSet charset, ...);
The _XlcGetCSValues function returns NULL if no error occurred; otherwise, it
returns the name of the first argument that could not be obtained. The
following values are defined as standard arguments. Other values are
implementation dependent.
┌───────────────────┬───────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Name │Type │Description │
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNName │char* │charset name │
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNEncodingName │char* │XLFD CharSet Registry and Encoding│
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNSide │XlcSide│charset side (GL, GR, ...) │
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNCharSize │int │number of octets per character │
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNSetSize │int │number of character sets │
├───────────────────┼───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│XlcNControlSequence│char* │control sequence of Compound Text │
└───────────────────┴───────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
Converter Functions
We provide a set of the common converter APIs, that are independent from both
of source and destination text type.
typedef struct _XlcConvRec *XlcConv;
typedef void (*XlcCloseConverterProc)(conv);
XlcConv conv;
typedef int (*XlcConvertProc)(conv, from, from_left, to, to_left, args, num_args);
XlcConv conv;
XPointer *from;
int *from_left;
XPointer *to;
int *to_left;
XPointer *args;
int num_args;
typedef void (*XlcResetConverterProc)(conv);
XlcConv conv;
typedef struct _XlcConvMethodsRec {
XlcCloseConverterProc close;
XlcConvertProc convert;
XlcResetConverterProc reset;
} XlcConvMethodsRec, *XlcConvMethods;
typedef struct _XlcConvRec {
XlcConvMethods methods;
XPointer state;
} XlcConvRec;
Open a converter
XlcConv _XlcOpenConverter(XLCd from_lcd, char *from_type, XLCd to_lcd, char
*to_type);
_XlcOpenConverter function opens the converter which converts a text from
specified "from_type" to specified "to_type" encoding. If the function cannot
find proper converter or cannot open a corresponding converter, it returns
NULL. Otherwise, it returns the conversion descriptor.
The following types are pre-defined. Other types are implementation dependent.
┌────────────────┬─────────┬──────────────┬──────────┐
│Name │Type │Description │Arguments │
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNMultiByte │char * │multibyte │- │
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNWideChar │wchar_t *│wide character│- │
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNCompoundText│char * │COMPOUND_TEXT │- │
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNString │char * │STRING │- │
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNCharSet │char * │per charset │XlcCharSet│
├────────────────┼─────────┼──────────────┼──────────┤
│XlcNChar │char * │per character │XlcCharSet│
└────────────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴──────────┘
Close a converter
void _XlcCloseConverter(XlcConv conv);
The _XlcCloseConverter function closes the specified converter "conv".
Code conversion
int _XlcConvert(XlcConv conv, XPointer *from, int *from_left, XPointer *to, int
*to_left, XPointer *args, int num_args);
The _XlcConvert function converts a sequence of characters from one type, in
the array specified by "from", into a sequence of corresponding characters in
another type, in the array specified by "to". The types are those specified in
the _XlcOpenConverter() call that returned the conversion descriptor, "conv".
The arguments "from", "from_left", "to" and "to_left" have the same
specification of XPG4 iconv function.
For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor "conv" is placed into
its initial shift state by a call for which "from" is a NULL pointer, or for
which "from" points to a null pointer.
The following 2 converters prepared by locale returns appropriate charset
(XlcCharSet) in an area pointed by args[0].
┌─────────────┬───────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│From │To │Description │
├─────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│XlcNMultiByte│XlcNCharSet│Segmentation (Decomposing)│
├─────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│XlcNWideChar │XlcNCharSet│Segmentation (Decomposing)│
└─────────────┴───────────┴──────────────────────────┘
The conversion, from XlcNMultiByte/XlcNWideChar to XlcNCharSet, extracts a
segment which has same charset encoding characters. More than one segment
cannot be converted in a call.
Reset a converter
void _XlcResetConverter(XlcConv conv);
The _XlcResetConverter function reset the specified converter "conv".
Register a converter
typedef XlcConv (*XlcOpenConverterProc)(from_lcd, from_type, to_lcd, to_type);
XLCd from_lcd;
char *from_type;
XLCd to_lcd;
char *to_type;
Bool _XlcSetConverter(XLCd from_lcd, char *from, XLCd to_lcd, char *to,
XlcOpenConverterProc converter);
The XlcSetConverter function registers a converter which convert from "
from_type" to "to_type" into the converter list (in the specified XLCd).
X Locale Database functions
X Locale Database contains the subset of user's environment that depends on
language. The following APIs are provided for accessing X Locale Database and
other locale relative files.
For more detail about X Locale Database, please refer X Locale Database
Definition document.
Get a resource from database
void _XlcGetResource(XLCd lcd, char *category, char *class, char ***value, int
*count);
The _XlcGetResource function obtains a locale dependent data which is
associated with the locale of specified "lcd". The locale data is provided by
system locale or by X Locale Database file, and what kind of data is available
is implementation dependent.
The specified "category" and "class" are used for finding out the objective
locale data.
The returned value is returned in value argument in string list form, and the
returned count shows the number of strings in the value.
The returned value is owned by locale method, and should not be modified or
freed by caller.
Get a locale relative file name
char *_XlcFileName(XLCd lcd, char *category);
The _XlcFileName functions returns a file name which is bound to the specified
"lcd" and "category", as a null-terminated string. If no file name can be
found, or there is no readable file for the found file name, _XlcFileName
returns NULL. The returned file name should be freed by caller.
The rule for searching a file name is implementation dependent. In current
implementation, _XlcFileName uses "{category}.dir" file as mapping table, which
has pairs of strings, a full locale name and a corresponding file name.
Utility Functions
Compare Latin-1 strings
int _XlcCompareISOLatin1(char*str1, *str2);
int _XlcNCompareISOLatin1(char*str1, *str2, int len);
The _XlcCompareIsoLatin1 function to compares two ISO-8859-1 strings. Bytes
representing ASCII lower case letters are converted to upper case before making
the comparison. The value returned is an integer less than, equal to, or
greater than zero, depending on whether "str1" is lexicographicly less than,
equal to, or greater than "str2".
The _XlcNCompareIsoLatin1 function is identical to _XlcCompareISOLatin1, except
that at most "len" bytes are compared.
Resource Utility
int XlcNumber(ArrayType array);
Similar to XtNumber.
void _XlcCopyFromArg(char *src, char *dst, int size);
void _XlcCopyToArg(char *src, char **dst, int size);
Similar to _XtCopyFromArg and _XtCopyToArg.
void _XlcCountVaList(va_list var, int *count_ret);
Similar to _XtCountVaList.
void _XlcVaToArgList(va_list var, int count, XlcArgList *args_ret);
Similar to _XtVaToArgList.
typedef struct _XlcResource {
char *name;
XrmQuark xrm_name;
int size;
int offset;
unsigned long mask;
} XlcResource, *XlcResourceList;
#define XlcCreateMask (1L<<0)
#define XlcDefaultMask (1L<<1)
#define XlcGetMask (1L<<2)
#define XlcSetMask (1L<<3)
#define XlcIgnoreMask (1L<<4)
void _XlcCompileResourceList(XlcResourceList resources, int num_resources);
Similar to _XtCompileResourceList.
char * _XlcGetValues(XPointer base, XlcResourceList resources, int
num_resources, XlcArgList args, int num_args, unsignedlong mask);
Similar to XtGetSubvalues.
char * _XlcSetValues(XPointer base, XlcResourceList resources, int
num_resources, XlcArgList args, int num_args, unsignedlong mask);
Similar to XtSetSubvalues.
ANSI C Compatible Functions
The following are ANSI C/MSE Compatible Functions for non-ANSI C environment.
int _Xmblen(char *str, int len);
The _Xmblen function returns the number of characters pointed to by "str". Only
"len" bytes in "str" are used in determining the character count returned. "Str
" may point at characters from any valid codeset in the current locale.
The call _Xmblen is equivalent to _Xmbtowc(_Xmbtowc((wchar_t*)NULL, str, len))
int _Xmbtowc(wchar_t *wstr, char *str, int len);
The _Xmbtowc function converts the character(s) pointed to by "str" to their
wide character representation(s) pointed to by "wstr". "Len" is the number of
bytes in "str" to be converted. The return value is the number of characters
converted.
The call _Xmbtowc is equivalent to _Xlcmbtowc((XLCd)NULL, wstr, str, len)
int _Xlcmbtowc(XLCd lcd, wchar_t *wstr, char *str, int len);
The _Xlcmbtowc function is identical to _Xmbtowc, except that it requires the "
lcd" argument. If "lcd" is (XLCd) NULL, _Xlcmbtowc, calls _XlcCurrentLC to
determine the current locale.
int _Xwctomb(char *str, wchar_t wc);
The _Xwctomb function converts a single wide character pointed to by "wc" to
its multibyte representation pointed to by "str". On success, the return value
is 1.
The call _Xwctomb is equivalent to _Xlcwctomb((XLCd)NULL, str, wstr)
int _Xlcwctomb(XLCd lcd, char *str, wchar_t wc);
The _Xlcwctomb function is identical to _Xwctomb, except that it requires the "
lcd" argument. If "lcd" is (XLCd) NULL, _Xlcwctomb, calls _XlcCurrentLC to
determine the current locale.
int _Xmbstowcs(wchar_t *wstr, char *str, int len);
The _Xmbstowcs function converts the NULL-terminated string pointed to by "str"
to its wide character string representation pointed to by "wstr". "Len" is the
number of characters in "str" to be converted.
The call _Xmbstowcs is equivalent to _Xlcmbstowcs((XLCd)NULL, wstr, str, len)
int _Xlcmbstowcs(XLCd lcd, wchar_t *wstr, char *str, int len);
The _Xlcmbstowcs function is identical to _Xmbstowcs, except that it requires
the "lcd" argument. If "lcd" is (XLCd) NULL, _Xlcmbstowcs, calls _XlcCurrentLC
to determine the current locale.
int _Xwcstombs(char *str, wchar_t *wstr, int len);
The _Xwcstombs function converts the (wchar_t) NULL terminated wide character
string pointed to by "wstr" to the NULL terminated multibyte string pointed to
by "str".
The call _Xwcstombs is equivalent to _Xlcwcstombs((XLCd)NULL, str, wstr, len)
int _Xlcwcstombs(XLCd lcd, char *str, wchar_t *wstr, int len);
The _Xlcwcstombs function is identical to _Xwcstombs, except that it requires
the "lcd" argument. If "lcd" is (XLCd) NULL, _Xlcwcstombs, calls _XlcCurrentLC
to determine the current locale.
int _Xwcslen(wchar_t *wstr);
The _Xwcslen function returns the count of wide characters in the (wchar_t)
NULL terminated wide character string pointed to by "wstr".
wchar_t * _Xwcscpy(wchar_t *wstr1, wchar_t *wstr2);
wchar_t * _Xwcsncpy(wchar_t *wstr1, wchar_t *wstr2, int len);
The _Xwcscpy function copies the (wchar_t) NULL terminated wide character
string pointed to by "wstr2" to the object pointed at by "wstr1". "Wstr1" is
(wchar_t) NULL terminated. The return value is a pointer to "wstr1".
The _Xwcsncpy function is identical to _Xwcscpy, except that it copies "len"
wide characters from the object pointed to by "wstr2" to the object pointed to
"wstr1".
int _Xwcscmp(wchar_t*wstr1, *wstr2);
int _Xwcsncmp(wchar_t*wstr1, *wstr2, int len);
The _Xwcscmp function compares two (wchar_t) NULL terminated wide character
strings. The value returned is an integer less than, equal to, or greater than
zero, depending on whether "wstr1" is lexicographicly less then, equal to, or
greater than "str2".
The _Xwcsncmp function is identical to _XlcCompareISOLatin1, except that at
most "len" wide characters are compared.
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