## What is Vala? Vala is a programming language that aims to bring modern programming language features to GNOME developers without imposing any additional runtime requirements and without using a different ABI compared to applications and libraries written in C. `valac`, the Vala compiler, is a self-hosting compiler that translates Vala source code into C source and header files. It uses the GObject type system to create classes and interfaces declared in the Vala source code. The syntax of Vala is similar to C#, modified to better fit the GObject type system. Vala supports modern language features as the following: * Interfaces * Properties * Signals * Foreach * Lambda expressions * Type inference for local variables * Generics * Non-null types * Assisted memory management * Exception handling Vala is designed to allow access to existing C libraries, especially GObject-based libraries, without the need for runtime bindings. All that is needed to use a library with Vala is an API file, containing the class and method declarations in Vala syntax. Vala currently comes with bindings for GLib and GTK+. Using classes and methods written in Vala from an application written in C is not difficult. The Vala library only has to install the generated header files and C applications may then access the GObject-based API of the Vala library as usual. It should also be easily possible to write a bindings generator for access to Vala libraries from applications written in e.g. C# as the Vala parser is written as a library, so that all compile-time information is available when generating a binding. More information about Vala is available at [https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Vala/](https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Vala/) ## Building Vala Instructions on how to build the latest version of Vala. These can be modified to build a specific release. ### Step One: Install the following packages: * a C compiler, e.g. GCC * a C library, e.g. glibc * glib (>= 2.48) * flex * bison * Graphviz (libgvc) (>= 2.16) to build valadoc * make * autoconf * autoconf-archive * automake * libtool These additional packages are needed to generate the documentation: * help2man when updating the man pages * xsltproc * weasyprint for PDF generation ### Step Two: Decide where the Vala compiler is to be found. Vala is self-hosting so it needs another Vala compiler to compile itself. `valac` is the name of the executable and can be: * installed from an existing package * built from a source tarball * built from the [Vala bootstrap module](https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/vala-bootstrap) If you have an existing `valac` installed then move on to step three. If you don't have an existing version of Vala installed (i.e. because you're bootstrapping or cross-compiling) then a source tarball or the vala-bootstrap module contain pre-compiled C files from the Vala sources. These can be used to bootstrap `valac`. Current releases of source tarballs can be downloaded via: https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Vala or the vala-bootstrap module is available at: https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/vala-bootstrap Here is an example on how to download and compile from a Vala release tarball. In this example it is release version 0.48.19: ```sh curl --silent --show-error --location https://download.gnome.org/sources/vala/0.48/vala-0.48.19.tar.xz --output vala-bootstrap.tar.xz tar --extract --file vala-bootstrap.tar.xz cd vala-bootstrap ./configure --prefix=/opt/vala-bootstrap make && sudo make install ``` The configure script will check if `valac` can be found in PATH. If not then `valac` is bootstrapped from the C source files in the tarball. If you do not wish to install the bootstrapped version of `valac` it can be found in `vala-bootstrap/compiler/valac` This is a libtool wrapper script that makes the libraries in the build directory work together. An example of downloading and compiling from the bootstrap module: ```sh git clone https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/vala-bootstrap cd vala-bootstrap touch */*.stamp VALAC=/no-valac ./configure --prefix=/opt/vala-bootstrap make && sudo make install ``` ### Step Three: Compiling the newest Vala from the repository using a pre-installed `valac`: ```sh git clone https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/vala cd vala ./autogen.sh make && sudo make install ``` To use `valac` from a bootstrapped build detailed in step two use: ```sh git clone https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/vala cd vala VALAC=/opt/vala-bootstrap/bin/valac ./autogen.sh make && sudo make install ``` ### Compiling Different Vala Versions Maybe you now want to compile Vala with the new version you have just installed. Then you simply clean the version files and start the build. Be warned that `git clean -dfx` **will remove all untracked files** from the source tree: ```sh git clean -dfx ./autogen.sh make && sudo make install ``` If you wish to build a specific release, for example 0.54.1: ```sh git checkout 0.54.1 git clean -dfx ./autogen.sh make && sudo make install ```
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