spu_create(2) System Calls Manual spu_create(2)
NAME
spu_create - create a new spu context
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/spu.h> /* Definition of SPU_* constants */
#include <sys/syscall.h> /* Definition of SYS_* constants */
#include <unistd.h>
int syscall(SYS_spu_create, const char *pathname, unsigned int flags,
mode_t mode, int neighbor_fd);
Note: glibc provides no wrapper for spu_create(), necessitating the use
of syscall(2).
DESCRIPTION
The spu_create() system call is used on PowerPC machines that implement
the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture in order to access Synergistic
Processor Units (SPUs). It creates a new logical context for an SPU in
pathname and returns a file descriptor associated with it. pathname
must refer to a nonexistent directory in the mount point of the SPU
filesystem (spufs). If spu_create() is successful, a directory is cre-
ated at pathname and it is populated with the files described in
spufs(7).
When a context is created, the returned file descriptor can only be
passed to spu_run(2), used as the dirfd argument to the *at family of
system calls (e.g., openat(2)), or closed; other operations are not de-
fined. A logical SPU context is destroyed (along with all files cre-
ated within the context's pathname directory) once the last reference
to the context has gone; this usually occurs when the file descriptor
returned by spu_create() is closed.
The mode argument (minus any bits set in the process's umask(2)) speci-
fies the permissions used for creating the new directory in spufs. See
stat(2) for a full list of the possible mode values.
The neighbor_fd is used only when the SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU flag is
specified; see below.
The flags argument can be zero or any bitwise OR-ed combination of the
following constants:
SPU_CREATE_EVENTS_ENABLED
Rather than using signals for reporting DMA errors, use the
event argument to spu_run(2).
SPU_CREATE_GANG
Create an SPU gang instead of a context. (A gang is a group of
SPU contexts that are functionally related to each other and
which share common scheduling parameters—priority and policy.
In the future, gang scheduling may be implemented causing the
group to be switched in and out as a single unit.)
A new directory will be created at the location specified by the
pathname argument. This gang may be used to hold other SPU con-
texts, by providing a pathname that is within the gang directory
to further calls to spu_create().
SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED
Create a context that is not affected by the SPU scheduler.
Once the context is run, it will not be scheduled out until it
is destroyed by the creating process.
Because the context cannot be removed from the SPU, some func-
tionality is disabled for SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED contexts. Only a
subset of the files will be available in this context directory
in spufs. Additionally, SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED contexts cannot dump
a core file when crashing.
Creating SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED contexts requires the CAP_SYS_NICE
capability.
SPU_CREATE_ISOLATE
Create an isolated SPU context. Isolated contexts are protected
from some PPE (PowerPC Processing Element) operations, such as
access to the SPU local store and the NPC register.
Creating SPU_CREATE_ISOLATE contexts also requires the SPU_CRE-
ATE_NOSCHED flag.
SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU (since Linux 2.6.23)
Create a context with affinity to another SPU context. This
affinity information is used within the SPU scheduling algo-
rithm. Using this flag requires that a file descriptor refer-
ring to the other SPU context be passed in the neighbor_fd argu-
ment.
SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_MEM (since Linux 2.6.23)
Create a context with affinity to system memory. This affinity
information is used within the SPU scheduling algorithm.
RETURN VALUE
On success, spu_create() returns a new file descriptor. On failure, -1
is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
EACCES The current user does not have write access to the spufs(7)
mount point.
EEXIST An SPU context already exists at the given pathname.
EFAULT pathname is not a valid string pointer in the calling process's
address space.
EINVAL pathname is not a directory in the spufs(7) mount point, or in-
valid flags have been provided.
ELOOP Too many symbolic links were found while resolving pathname.
EMFILE The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has
been reached.
ENAMETOOLONG
pathname is too long.
ENFILE The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been
reached.
ENODEV An isolated context was requested, but the hardware does not
support SPU isolation.
ENOENT Part of pathname could not be resolved.
ENOMEM The kernel could not allocate all resources required.
ENOSPC There are not enough SPU resources available to create a new
context or the user-specific limit for the number of SPU con-
texts has been reached.
ENOSYS The functionality is not provided by the current system, because
either the hardware does not provide SPUs or the spufs module is
not loaded.
ENOTDIR
A part of pathname is not a directory.
EPERM The SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED flag has been given, but the user does
not have the CAP_SYS_NICE capability.
FILES
pathname must point to a location beneath the mount point of spufs. By
convention, it gets mounted in /spu.
VERSIONS
The spu_create() system call was added in Linux 2.6.16.
STANDARDS
This call is Linux-specific and implemented only on the PowerPC archi-
tecture. Programs using this system call are not portable.
NOTES
spu_create() is meant to be used from libraries that implement a more
abstract interface to SPUs, not to be used from regular applications.
See ⟨http://www.bsc.es/projects/deepcomputing/linuxoncell/⟩ for the
recommended libraries.
Prior to the addition of the SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU flag in Linux
2.6.23, the spu_create() system call took only three arguments (i.e.,
there was no neighbor_fd argument).
EXAMPLES
See spu_run(2) for an example of the use of spu_create()
SEE ALSO
close(2), spu_run(2), capabilities(7), spufs(7)
Linux man-pages 6.03 2023-02-05 spu_create(2)
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