seteuid(2) System Calls Manual seteuid(2)
NAME
seteuid, setegid - set effective user or group ID
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
int seteuid(uid_t euid);
int setegid(gid_t egid);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
seteuid(), setegid():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
|| /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
seteuid() sets the effective user ID of the calling process. Unprivi-
leged processes may only set the effective user ID to the real user ID,
the effective user ID or the saved set-user-ID.
Precisely the same holds for setegid() with "group" instead of "user".
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
set to indicate the error.
Note: there are cases where seteuid() can fail even when the caller is
UID 0; it is a grave security error to omit checking for a failure re-
turn from seteuid().
ERRORS
EINVAL The target user or group ID is not valid in this user namespace.
EPERM In the case of seteuid(): the calling process is not privileged
(does not have the CAP_SETUID capability in its user namespace)
and euid does not match the current real user ID, current effec-
tive user ID, or current saved set-user-ID.
In the case of setegid(): the calling process is not privileged
(does not have the CAP_SETGID capability in its user namespace)
and egid does not match the current real group ID, current ef-
fective group ID, or current saved set-group-ID.
STANDARDS
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD.
NOTES
Setting the effective user (group) ID to the saved set-user-ID (saved
set-group-ID) is possible since Linux 1.1.37 (1.1.38). On an arbitrary
system one should check _POSIX_SAVED_IDS.
Under glibc 2.0, seteuid(euid) is equivalent to setreuid(-1, euid) and
hence may change the saved set-user-ID. Under glibc 2.1 and later, it
is equivalent to setresuid(-1, euid, -1) and hence does not change the
saved set-user-ID. Analogous remarks hold for setegid(), with the dif-
ference that the change in implementation from setregid(-1, egid) to
setresgid(-1, egid, -1) occurred in glibc 2.2 or 2.3 (depending on the
hardware architecture).
According to POSIX.1, seteuid() (setegid()) need not permit euid (egid)
to be the same value as the current effective user (group) ID, and some
implementations do not permit this.
C library/kernel differences
On Linux, seteuid() and setegid() are implemented as library functions
that call, respectively, setreuid(2) and setregid(2).
SEE ALSO
geteuid(2), setresuid(2), setreuid(2), setuid(2), capabilities(7), cre-
dentials(7), user_namespaces(7)
Linux man-pages 6.03 2023-02-05 seteuid(2)
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