RSVG-CONVERT() RSVG-CONVERT()
NAME
rsvg-convert - Render SVG documents to PNG images, or convert them to
PDF or PS.
SYNOPSIS
Convert an SVG to PNG at its "natural size" and write it to standard
output:
rsvg-convert input.svg > output.png
Specify an output filename; the input filename must be the last argu-
ment:
rsvg-convert --output=output.png input.svg
Configure dots-per-inch (DPI) for SVGs that have physical units, as in
<svg width="5cm" height="3cm"> - the default is 96 DPI:
rsvg-convert --dpi-x=300 --dpi-y=300 input.svg > output.png
Render an SVG at a specific pixel size, scaled proportionally:
rsvg-convert --width=1024 --height=768 --keep-aspect-ratio input.svg
> output.png
DESCRIPTION
rsvg-convert renders SVG documents into PNG raster images, or converts
them to PDF or PS as vector objects. By default rsvg-convert will ren-
der an SVG document to a raster PNG image and write it to standard out-
put:
rsvg-convert input.svg > output.png
To select another format, use the --format option:
rsvg-convert --format=pdf input.svg > output.pdf
You can use rsvg-convert as part of a pipeline; without an argument for
the input filename it will read the document from standard input:
cat input.svg | rsvg-convert > output.png
SPECIFYING THE RENDERED SIZE
You can use the --width and --height options to specify the size of the
output image. Most of the time you should specify --keep-aspect-ratio
to scale the image proportionally; for compatibility with old versions
this is not the default.
rsvg-convert --width=100 --height=200 --keep-aspect-ratio input.svg
> output.png
You can also specify dimensions as CSS lengths, for example 10px or
8.5in. The unit specifiers supported are as follows:
┌───┬────────────────────────────┐
│px │ pixels (the unit specifier │
│ │ can be omitted) │
├───┼────────────────────────────┤
│in │ inches │
├───┼────────────────────────────┤
│cm │ centimeters │
├───┼────────────────────────────┤
│mm │ millimeters │
├───┼────────────────────────────┤
│pt │ points, 1/72 inch │
├───┼────────────────────────────┤
│pc │ picas, 1/6 inch │
└───┴────────────────────────────┘
The following will create a 600*900 pixel PNG, or 2*3 inches at 300
dots-per-inch:
rsvg-convert --width=2in --height=3in --keep-aspect-ratio
--dpi-x=300 --dpi-y=300 input.svg > output.png
This will scale an SVG document to fit in an A4 page and convert it to
PDF:
rsvg-convert --format=pdf --width=210mm --height=297mm --keep-as-
pect-ratio input.svg > output.pdf
SPECIFYING A PAGE SIZE
By default the size of the output comes from the rendered size, which
can be specified with the --width and --height options, but you can
specify a page size independently of the rendered size with
--page-width and --page-height, together with --top and --left to con-
trol the position of the rendered image within the page. In short:
• --page-width and --page-height together - set the page size.
• --top and --left - set the margins.
• --width and --height - set the rendered size.
This will create a PDF with a landscape A4 page, by scaling an SVG doc-
ument to 10*10 cm, and placing it with its top-left corner 5 cm away
from the top and 8 cm from the left of the page:
rsvg-convert --format=pdf --page-width=297mm --page-height=210mm
--width=10cm --height=10cm --keep-aspect-ratio --top=5cm --left=8cm
input.svg > output.pdf
SPECIFYING A SCALE FACTOR INSTEAD OF A RENDERED SIZE
The --zoom option lets you scale the natural size of an SVG document.
For example, if input.svg is a document with a declared size of 100*200
pixels, then the following command will render it at 250*500 pixels
(zoom 2.5):
rsvg-convert --zoom=2.5 input.svg > output.png
You can limit the maximum scaled size by specifying the --width and
--height options together with --zoom. Here, the image will be scaled
10x, but limited to 1000*1000 pixels at the most:
rsvg-convert --zoom=10 --width=1000 --height=1000 input.svg > out-
put.png
If you need different scale factors for the horizontal and vertical di-
mensions, use the --x-zoom and --y-zoom options instead of --zoom.
CREATING A MULTI-PAGE DOCUMENT
The "pdf", "ps", and "eps" output formats support multiple pages. These
can be created by combining multiple input SVG files. For example, this
PDF file will have three pages:
rsvg-convert --format=pdf page1.svg page2.svg page3.svg > out.pdf
The size of each page will be computed, separately, as described in the
DEFAULT OUTPUT SIZE section. This may result in a PDF being produced
with differently-sized pages. If you need to produce a PDF with all
pages set to exactly the same size, use the --page-width and
--page-height options.
For example, the following command creates a three-page PDF out of
three SVG documents. All the pages are portrait US Letter, and each SVG
is scaled to fit so that there is a 1in margin around each page (hence
the width of 6.5in and height of 9in for the rendered size).
rsvg-convert --format=pdf --page-width=8.5in --page-height=11in
--width=6.5in --height=9in --keep-aspect-ratio --top=1in --left=1in
pg1.svg pg2.svg pg3.svg > out.pdf
CONVERSION OF PIXELS BASED ON THE DOTS-PER-INCH
rsvg-convert uses the --dpi-x and --dpi-y options to configure the
dots-per-inch (DPI) by which pixels will be converted to/from physical
units like inches or centimeters. The default for both options is 96
DPI.
Consider this example SVG, which is nominally declared to be 2*3 inches
in size:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2in" height="3in">
<!-- graphical objects here -->
</svg>
The following commands create PNGs of different sizes for the example
SVG above:
rsvg-convert two-by-three.svg > output.png #### creates a 192*288
pixel PNG
rsvg-convert --dpi-x=300 --dpi-y=300 two-by-three.svg > output.png
#### creates a 600*900 pixel PNG
Note that the final pixel dimensions are rounded up to the nearest
pixel, to avoid clipping off the right/bottom edges. In the following
example, rsvg-convert will generate a PNG 300x300 pixels in size:
rsvg-convert --width=299.5 --height=299.4 input.svg > output.png
#### outputs 300x300 pixel PNG with a fractionally-scaled image
If you specify dimensions in physical units, they will be multiplied by
the dots-per-inch (DPI) value to obtain dimensions in pixels. For exam-
ple, this will generate a 96x96 pixel PNG, since it is 1x1 inch at the
default 96 DPI:
rsvg-convert --width=1in --height=1in input.svg > output.png ####
outputs 96x96 pixel PNG
Correspondingly, this will generate a 300x300 pixel PNG, since it is
1x1 inch at 300 DPI:
rsvg-convert --width=1in --height=1in --dpi-x=300 --dpi-y=300 in-
put.svg > output.png #### outputs 300x300 pixel PNG
DEFAULT OUTPUT SIZE
If you do not specify --width or --height options for the output size,
rsvg-convert will figure out a "natural size" for the SVG as follows:
• SVG with width and height in pixel units (px): <svg width="96px"
height="192px"> For PNG output, those same dimensions in pixels are
used. For PDF/PS/EPS, that pixel size is converted to physical units
based on the DPI value (see the --dpi-x and --dpi-y options),
• SVG with width and height in physical units: <svg width="1in"
height="2in"> For PNG output, the width and height attributes get
converted to pixels, based on the DPI value (see the --dpi-x and
--dpi-y options). For PDF/PS/EPS output, the width/height in physical
units define the size of the PDF unless you specify options for the
page size; see SPECIFYING A PAGE SIZE above.
• SVG with viewBox only: <svg viewBox="0 0 20 30"> The size of the
viewBox attribute gets used for the pixel size of the image as in the
first case above.
• SVG with width and height in percentages: <svg width="100%"
height="100%" viewBox="0 0 20 30"> Percentages are meaningless unless
you specify a viewport size with the --width and --height options. In
their absence, rsvg-convert will just use the size of the viewBox for
the pixel size, as described above.
• SVG with no width, height, or viewBox: rsvg-convert will measure the
extents of all graphical objects in the SVG document and render them
at 1:1 scale (1 pixel for each CSS px unit). It is strongly recom-
mended that you give SVG documents an explicit size with the width,
height, or viewBox attributes.
BACKGROUND COLOR
You can use the --background-color option (-b for short) to specify the
background color that will appear in parts of the image that would oth-
erwise be transparent. This option accepts the same syntax as the CSS
color property, so you can use #rrggbb syntax, or CSS named colors like
white, or rgba().
rsvg-convert --background-color=white input.svg > output.png ####
opaque white
rsvg-convert -b '#ff000080' input.svg > output.png #### translucent
red - use shell quotes so the # is not interpreted as a comment
SELECTING A LANGUAGE FOR MULTI-LANGUAGE SVG
An SVG document can use the <switch> element and children with the sys-
temLanguage attribute to provide different content depending on the
user's language. For example:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="100">
<rect width="200" height="100" fill="white"/>
<g transform="translate(30, 30)" font-size="20">
<switch allowReorder="yes">
<text systemLanguage="es">Español</text>
<text systemLanguage="de">Deutsch</text>
<text systemLanguage="fr">Français</text>
<text>English fallback</text>
</switch>
</g>
</svg>
You can use the --accept-language option to select which language to
use when rendering. This option accepts strings formatted like an HTTP
Accept-Language header, which is a comma-separated list of BCP47 lan-
guage tags: https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp47
rsvg-convert --accept-language=es-MX input.svg > output.png #### se-
lects Mexican Spanish; renders "Español".
USER STYLESHEET
You can include an extra CSS stylesheet to be used when rendering an
SVG document with the --stylesheet option. The stylesheet will have the
CSS user origin, while styles declared in the SVG document will have
the CSS author origin. This means your extra stylesheet's styles will
override or augment the ones in the document, unless the document has
!important in its styles.
rsvg-convert --stylesheet=extra-styles.css input.svg > output.png
For example, if this is input.svg:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100" height="100">
<rect width="200" height="100" fill="white"/>
<rect class="recolorable" x="10" y="10" width="50" height="50" fill="red"/>
<text x="10" y="80" font-size="20" fill="currentColor">Hello</text>
</svg>
And this is extra-styles.css:
.recolorable { fill: blue; }
* { color: green; }
Then the PNG created by the command above will have these elements:
• A blue square instead of a red one, because of the selector for the
the recolorable class.
• Text in green, since a fill with currentColor gets substituted to the
value of the color property, and the * selector applies to all ele-
ments.
OPTIONS
GENERAL OPTIONS
-f format, --format=[png, pdf, ps, eps, svg]
Output format for the rendered document. Default is png.
-o filename, --output filename
Specify the output filename. If unspecified, outputs to standard
output.
-v, ``--version
Display what version of rsvg-convert you are running.
--help Display a summary of usage and options.
SIZE AND POSITION
In the following, <length> values must be specified with CSS <length>
syntax: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/length. For
example, 640px or 25cm.
--page-width <length> --page-height <length>
Page size of the output document; both options must be used to-
gether. The default is to use the image's width and height as
modified by the options below.
--top <length>
Distance between top edge of the page and the rendered image.
Default is 0.
--left <length>
Distance between left edge of the page and the rendered image.
Default is 0.
-w <length>, --width <length>
Width of the rendered image. If unspecified, the natural width
of the image is used as the default. See the section "SPECIFYING
DIMENSIONS" above for details.
-h <length>, --height <length>
Height of the rendered image. If unspecified, the natural height
of the image is used as the default. See the section "SPECIFYING
DIMENSIONS" above for details.
-a, --keep-aspect-ratio
Specify that the aspect ratio is to be preserved, i.e. the image
is scaled proportionally to fit in the --width and --height. If
not specified, aspect ratio will not be preserved.
-d number, --dpi-x number
Set the X resolution of the image in pixels per inch. Default is
96 DPI.
-p number, --dpi-y number
Set the Y resolution of the image in pixels per inch. Default is
96 DPI.
-x number, --x-zoom number
Horizontal scaling factor. Default is 1.0.
-y number, --y-zoom number
Vertical factor factor. Default is 1.0.
-z number, --zoom number
Horizontal and vertical scaling factor. Default is 1.0.
CONTROLLING THE RENDERED APPEARANCE
-b <color>, --background-color [black, white, #abccee, #aaa...]
Specify the background color. If unspecified, none is used as
the default; this will create transparent PNGs, or PDF/PS/EPS
without a special background. The <color> must be specified in
CSS <color> syntax:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color_value.
For example, black, #ff0000, rgba(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0).
-s filename.css, --stylesheet filename.css
Filename of a custom CSS stylesheet.
-l language-tag, --accept-language [es-MX,fr,en]
Specify which languages will be used for SVG documents with mul-
tiple languages. The string is formatted like an HTTP Ac-
cept-Language header, which is a comma-separated list of BCP47
language tags: https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp47. The de-
fault is to use the language specified by environment variables;
see the section "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" below.
OPTIONS SPECIFIC TO PDF/PS/EPS OUTPUT
--keep-image-data
For SVG documents that reference PNG or JPEG images, include the
original, compressed images in the final output, rather than un-
compressed RGB data. This is the default behavior for PDF and
(E)PS output.
--no-keep-image-data
Do not include the original, compressed images but instead embed
uncompressed RGB date in PDF or (E)PS output. This will most
likely result in larger documents that are slower to read.
MISCELLANEOUS
-i object-id, --export-id object-id
Allows to specify an SVG object that should be exported based on
its XML id attribute. If not specified, all objects will be ex-
ported.
-u, --unlimited
The XML parser has some guards designed to mitigate large CPU or
memory consumption in the face of malicious documents. It may
also refuse to resolve data: URIs used to embed image data in
SVG documents. If you are running into such issues when convert-
ing a SVG, this option allows to turn off these guards.
--testing
For developers only: render images for librsvg's test suite.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
If the selected output format is PDF, this variable can be used
to control the CreationDate in the PDF file. This is useful for
reproducible output. The environment variable must be set to a
decimal number corresponding to a UNIX timestamp, defined as the
number of seconds, excluding leap seconds, since 01 Jan 1970
00:00:00 UTC. The specification for this can be found at
https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
System language
Unless the --accept-language option is specified, the default is
to use the system's environment to detect the user's preferred
language. This consults the environment variables LANGUAGE,
LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, and LANG.
MORE INFORMATION
Librsvg source repository and bug tracker:
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/librsvg
Wiki project page: https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/LibRsvg
SVG1.1 specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/
SVG2 specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2
GNOME project page: http://www.gnome.org/
RSVG-CONVERT()
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