MOST(1) General Commands Manual MOST(1)
NAME
most - browse or page through a text file
SYNOPSIS
most [-1bCcdMstuvwz] [+lineno] [+c] [+d] [+s] [+u] [+/string] [file-
name...]
DESCRIPTION
most is a paging program that displays, one windowful at a time, the
contents of a file on a terminal. It pauses after each windowful and
prints on the window status line the screen the file name, current line
number, and the percentage of the file so far displayed.
Unlike other paging programs, most is capable of displaying an arbi-
trary number of windows as long as each window occupies at least two
screen lines. Each window may contain the same file or a different
file. In addition, each window has its own mode. For example, one
window may display a file with its lines wrapped while another may be
truncating the lines. Windows may be `locked' together in the sense
that if one of the locked windows scrolls, all locked windows will
scroll. most is also capable of ignoring lines that are indented be-
yond a user specified value. This is useful when viewing computer pro-
grams to pick out gross features of the code. See the `:o' command for
a description of this feature.
In addition to displaying ordinary text files, most can also display
binary files as well as files with arbitrary ascii characters. When a
file is read into a buffer, most examines the first 32 bytes of the
file to determine if the file is a binary file and then switches to the
appropriate mode. However, this feature may be disabled with the -k
option. See the description of the -b, -k, -v, and -t options for fur-
ther details.
Text files may contain combinations of underscore and backspace charac-
ters causing a printer to underline or overstrike. When most recog-
nizes this, it inserts the appropriate escape sequences to achieve the
desired effect. In addition, some files cause the printer to over-
strike some characters by embedding carriage return characters in the
middle of a line. When this occurs, most displays the overstruck char-
acter with a bold attribute. This feature facilitates the reading of
UNIX man pages or a document produced by runoff. In particular, view-
ing this document with most should illustrate this behavior provided
that the underline characters have not been stripped. This may be
turned off with the -v option.
By default, lines with more characters than the terminal width are not
wrapped but are instead truncated. When truncation occurs, this is in-
dicated by a `$' in the far right column of the terminal screen. The
RIGHT and LEFT arrow keys may be used to view lines which extend past
the margins of the screen. The -w option may be used to override this
feature. When a window is wrapped, the character `\' will appear at
the right edge of the window.
Commands are listed below.
OPTIONS
-1 VT100 mode. This is meaningful only on VMS systems. This op-
tion should be used if the terminal is strictly a VT100. This
implies that the terminal does not have the ability to delete
and insert multiple lines. VT102s and above have this ability.
-b Binary mode. Use this switch when you want to view files con-
taining 8 bit characters. most will display the file 16 bytes
per line in hexadecimal notation. A typical line looks like:
01000000 40001575 9C23A020 4000168D ....@..u.#. @...
When used with the -v option, the same line looks like:
^A^@^@^@ @^@^U u 9C #A0 @^@^V8D ....@..u.#. @...
-C Disable color support.
-d Omit the backslash mark used to denote a wrapped line.
-M Disable the use of mmap.
-s Squeeze. Replace multiple blank lines with a single blank line.
-z option turns off gunzip-on-the-fly.
-v Display control characters as in `^A' for control A. Normally
most does not interpret control characters.
-t Display tabs as `^I'. This option is meaningful only when used
with the -v option.
+lineno
Start up at lineno.
-c Make searches case sensitive. By default, they are not.
-u Disable UTF-8 mode even if the locale dictates it.
+u Force UTF-8 mode. By default most will use the current locale
to determine if UTF-8 mode should be used. The +u and -u
switches allow the behavior to be overridden.
+d This switch should only be used if you want the option to delete
a file while viewing it. This makes it easier to clean unwanted
files out of a directory. The file is deleted with the interac-
tive key sequence `:D' and then confirming with `y'.
+/string
Start up at the line containing the first occurrence of string.
COMMAND USAGE
Some commands have an optional numeric argument id ,entered before the
command. If not given, the default value of i is 1.
Commands take effect immediately; typing a RETURN after isn't neces-
sary or correct. (Besides, RETURN itself is a command.)
Example: to go down one line, press the DOWN_ARROW key. To go down 20
lines, press 2 then 0 then the DOWN_ARROW key.
RETURN, DOWN_ARROW, V, CTRL-N
Display another line, or i more lines, if specified.
UP_ARROW, ^, CTRL-P
Display previous line, or i previous lines, if specified.
T, ESCAPE<
Move to top of buffer.
B, ESCAPE>
Move to bottom of buffer.
RIGHT_ARROW, TAB, >
Scroll window left 60i columns to view lines that are beyond the
right margin of the window.
LEFT_ARROW, CTRL-B, <
Scroll window right 60i columns to view lines that are beyond
the left margin of the window.
U, CTRL-U, DELETE, PREV_SCREEN
Skip back i windowfuls and then print a windowful.
R, CTRL-R
Redraw the window.
J, G If i is not specified, then prompt for a line number then jump
to that line otherwise just jump to line i.
% If i is not specified, then prompt for a percent number then
jump to that percent of the file otherwise just jump to i per-
cent of the file.
W, w If the current screen width is 80, make it 132 and vice-versa.
For other values, this command is ignored.
Q, CTRL-X CTRL-C, CTRL-K E
Exit from most. On VMS, ^Z also exits.
h, CTRL-H, HELP, PF2
Help. Give a description of all the most commands. The most
environment variable MOST_HELP must be set for this to be mean-
ingful.
f, /, CTRL-F, FIND, GOLD PF3
Prompt for a string and search forward from the current line for
ith distinct line containing the string. CTRL-G aborts.
? Prompt for a string and search backward for the ith distinct
line containing the string. CTRL-G aborts.
n Search for the next i lines containing an occurrence of the last
search string in the direction of the previous search.
m, SELECT, CTRL-@, CTRL-K M, PERIOD
Set a mark on the current line for later reference.
INSERT_HERE, CTRL-X CTRL-X, COMMA, CTRL-K RETURN, GOLD PERIOD
Set a mark on the current line but return to previous mark.
This allows the user to toggle back and forth between two posi-
tions in the file.
l, L Toggle locking for this window. The window is locked if there
is a `*' at the left edge of the status line. Windows locked
together, scroll together.
CTRL-X 2, CTRL-W 2, GOLD X
Split this window in half.
CTRL-X o, CTRL-W o, o, GOLD UP, GOLD DOWN
Move to other window.
CTRL-X 0, CTRL-W 0, GOLD V
Delete this window.
CTRL-X 1, CTRL-W 1, GOLD O
Delete all other windows, leaving only one window.
E, e Edit this file.
$, ESC $
This is system dependent. On VMS, this causes most to spawn a
subprocess. When the user exits the process, most is resumed.
On UNIX systems, most simply suspends itself.
:n Skip to the next filename given in the command line. Use the
arrow keys to scroll forward or backward through the file list.
`Q' quits most and any other key selects the given file.
:c Toggle case sensitive search.
:D Delete current file. This command is only meaningful with the
+d switch.
:o, :O Toggle various options. With this key sequence, most displays a
prompt asking the user to hit one of: bdtvw. The `b', `t', `v',
and `w' options have the same meaning as the command line
switches. For example, the `w' option will toggle wrapping on
and off for the current window.
The `d' option must be used with a prefix integer i. All lines
indented beyond i columns will not be displayed. For example,
consider the fragment:
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < argc, i++)
{
fprintf(stdout,"%i: %s\n",i,argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}
The key sequence `1:od' will cause most to display the file ig-
noring all lines indented beyond the first column. So for the
example above, most would display:
int main(int argc, char **argv)...
}
where the `...' indicates lines follow are not displayed.
HINTS
CTRL-G aborts the commands requiring the user to type something in at a
prompt. The backquote key has a special meaning here. It is used to
quote certain characters. This is useful when search for the occur-
rence of a string with a control character or a string at the beginning
of a line. In the latter case, to find the occurrence of `The' at the
beginning of a line, enter `^JThe where ` quotes the CTRL-J.
ENVIRONMENT
most uses the following environment variables:
MOST_SWITCHES
This variable sets commonly used switches. For example, some
people prefer to use most with the -s option so that excess
blank lines are not displayed. On VMS this is normally done
done in the login.com through the line:
$ define MOST_SWITCHES "-s"
MOST_EDITOR, SLANG_EDITOR
Either of these environment variables specify an editor for most
to invoke to edit a file. The value can contain %s and %d for-
matting descriptors that represent the file name and line num-
ber, respectively. For example, if JED is your editor, then set
MOST_EDITOR to 'jed %s -g %d'.
MOST_HELP
This variable may be used to specify an alternate help file.
MOST_INITFILE
Set this variable to specify the initialization file to load
during startup. The default action is to load the system con-
figuration file from /etc/most.conf and then a personal configu-
ration file located at $HOME/.mostrc
CONFIGURATION FILE SYNTAX
When most starts up, it tries to read a system configuration file and
then a personal configuration file. These files may be used to specify
keybindings and colors.
To bind a key to a particular function use the syntax:
setkey function-name key-sequence
The setkey command requires two arguments. The function-name argument
specifies the function that is to be executed as a response to the keys
specified by the key-sequence argument are pressed. For example,
setkey "up" "^P"
indicates that when Ctrl-P is pressed then the function up is to be ex-
ecuted.
Sometimes, it is necessary to first unbind a key-sequence before re-
binding it in order via the unsetkey function:
unsetkey "^F"
Colors may be defined through the use of the color keyword in the con-
figuration file using the syntax:
color OBJECT-NAME FOREGROUND-COLOR BACKGROUND-COLOR
Here, OBJECT-NAME can be any one of the following items:
status -- the status line
underline -- underlined text
overstrike -- overstriked text
normal -- anything else
See the sample configuration files for more information.
BUGS
Almost all of the known bugs or limitations of most are due to a desire
to read and interpret control characters in files. One problem con-
cerns the use of backspace characters to underscore or overstrike other
characters. most makes an attempt to use terminal escape sequences to
simulate this behavior. One side effect is the one does not always get
what one expects when scrolling right and left through a file. When in
doubt, use the -v and -b options of most.
AUTHOR
John E. Davis
davis@space.mit.edu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the users of most for valuable comments and crit-
icisms. I would especially like to thank those individuals who have
contributed code to most.
Mats Akerberg, Henk D. Davids, Rex O. Livingston, and Mark Pizzolato
contributed to the early VMS versions of most. In particular, Mark
worked on it to get it ready for DECUS.
Foteos Macrides <MACRIDES@SCI.WFEB.EDU> adapted most for use in cswing
and gopher. A few features of the present version of most was inspired
from his work.
I am grateful to Robert Mills <robert@jna.com.au> for re-writing the
search routines to use regular expressions.
Sven Oliver Moll <smol0075@rz.uni-hildesheim.de> came up with the idea
of automatic detection of zipped files.
I would also like to thank Shinichi Hama for his valuable criticisms of
most.
Javier Kohen was instrumental in the support for UTF-8.
Thanks to David W. Sanderson (dws@cs.wisc.edu) for adapting the docu-
mentation to nroff man page source format.
May 1999 MOST(1)
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