LOGROTATE(8) System Administrator's Manual LOGROTATE(8)
NAME
logrotate - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
SYNOPSIS
logrotate [--force] [--debug] [--state file] [--skip-state-lock]
[--wait-for-state-lock] [--verbose] [--log file] [--mail command] con-
fig_file [config_file2 ...]
DESCRIPTION
logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate
large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression,
removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be handled daily,
weekly, monthly, or when it grows too large.
Normally, logrotate is run as a daily cron job. It will not modify a
log more than once in one day unless the criterion for that log is
based on the log's size and logrotate is being run more than once each
day, or unless the -f or --force option is used.
Any number of config files may be given on the command line. Later
config files may override the options given in earlier files, so the
order in which the logrotate config files are listed is important.
Normally, a single config file which includes any other config files
which are needed should be used. See below for more information on how
to use the include directive to accomplish this. If a directory is
given on the command line, every file in that directory is used as a
config file.
If no command line arguments are given, logrotate will print version
and copyright information, along with a short usage summary. If any
errors occur while rotating logs, logrotate will exit with non-zero
status, although the state file will be updated.
OPTIONS
-f, --force
Tells logrotate to force the rotation, even if it doesn't think
this is necessary. Sometimes this is useful after adding new
entries to a logrotate config file, or if old log files have
been removed by hand, as the new files will be created, and log-
ging will continue correctly.
-d, --debug
Turn on debug mode, which means that no changes are made to the
logs and the logrotate state file is not updated. Only debug
messages are printed.
-s, --state statefile
Tells logrotate to use an alternate state file. This is useful
if logrotate is being run as a different user for various sets
of log files. To prevent parallel execution logrotate by de-
fault acquires a lock on the state file, if it cannot be ac-
quired logrotate will exit with value 3. The default state file
is /var/lib/logrotate/status. If /dev/null is given as the
state file, then logrotate will not try to lock or write the
state file.
--skip-state-lock
Do not lock the state file, for example if locking is unsup-
ported or prohibited.
--wait-for-state-lock
Wait until lock on the state file is released by another logro-
tate process. This option may cause logrotate to wait indefi-
nitely. Use with caution.
-v, --verbose
Turns on verbose mode, for example to display messages during
rotation.
-l, --log file
Tells logrotate to log verbose output into the log_file. The
verbose output logged to that file is the same as when running
logrotate with -v switch. The log file is overwritten on every
logrotate execution.
-m, --mail command
Tells logrotate which command to use when mailing logs. This
command should accept the following arguments:
1) the subject of the message given with '-s subject'
2) the recipient.
The command must then read a message on standard input and mail
it to the recipient. The default mail command is /usr/bin/mail.
--usage
Prints a short usage message.
-?, --help
Prints help message.
--version
Display version information.
CONFIGURATION FILE
logrotate reads everything about the log files it should be handling
from the series of configuration files specified on the command line.
Each configuration file can set global options (local definitions over-
ride global ones, and later definitions override earlier ones) and
specify logfiles to rotate. Global options do not affect preceding in-
clude directives. A simple configuration file looks like this:
# sample logrotate configuration file
compress
/var/log/messages {
rotate 5
weekly
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd
endscript
}
"/var/log/httpd/access.log" /var/log/httpd/error.log {
rotate 5
mail recipient@example.org
size 100k
sharedscripts
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd
endscript
}
/var/log/news/* {
monthly
rotate 2
olddir /var/log/news/old
missingok
sharedscripts
postrotate
kill -HUP $(cat /var/run/inn.pid)
endscript
nocompress
}
~/log/*.log {}
The first few lines set global options; in the example, logs are com-
pressed after they are rotated. Note that comments may appear anywhere
in the config file as long as the first non-whitespace character on the
line is a #.
Values are separated from directives by whitespace and/or an optional
=. Numbers must be specified in a format understood by strtoul(3).
The next section of the config file defines how to handle the log file
/var/log/messages. The log will go through five weekly rotations be-
fore being removed. After the log file has been rotated (but before
the old version of the log has been compressed), the command
/usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd will be executed.
The next section defines the parameters for both /var/log/httpd/ac-
cess.log and /var/log/httpd/error.log. Each is rotated whenever it
grows over 100 kilobytes in size, and the old logs files are mailed
(uncompressed) to recipient@example.org after going through 5 rota-
tions, rather than being removed. The sharedscripts means that the
postrotate script will only be run once (after the old logs have been
compressed), not once for each log which is rotated. Note that log
file names may be enclosed in quotes (and that quotes are required if
the name contains spaces). Normal shell quoting rules apply, with ',
", and \ characters supported.
The next section defines the parameters for all of the files in
/var/log/news. Each file is rotated on a monthly basis.
The last section uses tilde expansion to rotate log files in the home
directory of the current user. This is only available, if your glob
library supports tilde expansion. GNU glob does support this.
Please use wildcards with caution. If you specify *, logrotate will
rotate all files, including previously rotated ones. A way around this
is to use the olddir directive or a more exact wildcard (such as
*.log).
Please note, by default when using systemd(1), the option ProtectSys-
tem=full is set in the logrotate.service file. This prevents logrotate
from modifying logs in /etc and /usr.
Here is more information on the directives which may be included in a
logrotate configuration file:
CONFIGURATION FILE DIRECTIVES
These directives may be included in a logrotate configuration file:
Rotation
rotate count
Log files are rotated count times before being removed or mailed
to the address specified in a mail directive. If count is 0,
old versions are removed rather than rotated. If count is -1,
old logs are not removed at all, except they are affected by
maxage (use with caution, may waste performance and disk space).
Default is 0.
olddir directory
Logs are moved into directory for rotation. The directory must
be on the same physical device as the log file being rotated,
unless copy, copytruncate or renamecopy option is used. The di-
rectory is assumed to be relative to the directory holding the
log file unless an absolute path name is specified. When this
option is used all old versions of the log end up in directory.
This option may be overridden by the noolddir option.
noolddir
Logs are rotated in the directory they normally reside in (this
overrides the olddir option).
su user group
Rotate log files set under this user and group instead of using
default user/group (usually root). user specifies the user used
for rotation and group specifies the group used for rotation
(see the section USER AND GROUP for details). If the user/group
you specify here does not have sufficient privilege to make
files with the ownership you've specified in a create directive,
it will cause an error. If logrotate runs with root privileges,
it is recommended to use the su directive to rotate files in di-
rectories that are directly or indirectly in control of non-
privileged users.
Frequency
hourly Log files are rotated every hour. Note that usually logrotate
is configured to be run by cron daily (or by logrotate.timer
when using systemd(1)). You have to change this configuration
and run logrotate hourly to be able to really rotate logs
hourly.
daily Log files are rotated every day.
weekly [weekday]
Log files are rotated once each weekday, or if the date is ad-
vanced by at least 7 days since the last rotation (while ignor-
ing the exact time). The weekday interpretation is following: 0
means Sunday, 1 means Monday, ..., 6 means Saturday; the special
value 7 means each 7 days, irrespectively of weekday. Defaults
to 0 if the weekday argument is omitted.
monthly
Log files are rotated the first time logrotate is run in a month
(this is normally on the first day of the month).
yearly Log files are rotated if the current year is not the same as the
last rotation.
size size
Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger than size bytes.
If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilo-
bytes. If M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is
used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size
100M and size 100G are all valid. This option is mutually ex-
clusive with the time interval options, and it causes log files
to be rotated without regard for the last rotation time, if
specified after the time criteria (the last specified option
takes the precedence).
File selection
missingok
If the log file is missing, go on to the next one without issu-
ing an error message. See also nomissingok.
nomissingok
If a log file does not exist, issue an error. This is the de-
fault.
ignoreduplicates
Ignore any following matches of a log file.
ifempty
Rotate the log file even if it is empty, overriding the no-
tifempty option (ifempty is the default).
notifempty
Do not rotate the log if it is empty (this overrides the ifempty
option).
minage count
Do not rotate logs which are less than <count> days old.
maxage count
Remove rotated logs older than <count> days. The age is only
checked if the logfile is to be rotated. rotate -1 does not
hinder removal. The files are mailed to the configured address
if maillast and mail are configured.
minsize size
Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes, but
not before the additionally specified time interval (daily,
weekly, monthly, or yearly). The related size option is similar
except that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval op-
tions, and it causes log files to be rotated without regard for
the last rotation time, if specified after the time criteria
(the last specified option takes the precedence). When minsize
is used, both the size and timestamp of a log file are consid-
ered.
maxsize size
Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes even
before the additionally specified time interval (daily, weekly,
monthly, or yearly). The related size option is similar except
that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval options,
and it causes log files to be rotated without regard for the
last rotation time, if specified after the time criteria (the
last specified option takes the precedence). When maxsize is
used, both the size and timestamp of a log file are considered.
tabooext [+] list
The current taboo extension list is changed (see the include di-
rective for information on the taboo extensions). If a + pre-
cedes the list of extensions, the current taboo extension list
is augmented, otherwise it is replaced. At startup, the taboo
extension list ,v, .cfsaved, .disabled, .dpkg-bak, .dpkg-del,
.dpkg-dist, .dpkg-new, .dpkg-old, .rhn-cfg-tmp-*, .rpmnew, .rp-
morig, .rpmsave, .swp, .ucf-dist, .ucf-new, .ucf-old, ~
taboopat [+] list
The current taboo glob pattern list is changed (see the include
directive for information on the taboo extensions and patterns).
If a + precedes the list of patterns, the current taboo pattern
list is augmented, otherwise it is replaced. At startup, the
taboo pattern list is empty.
Files and Folders
create mode owner group, create owner group
Immediately after rotation (before the postrotate script is run)
the log file is created (with the same name as the log file just
rotated). mode specifies the mode for the log file in octal
(the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user who will own
the log file, and group specifies the group the log file will
belong to (see the section USER AND GROUP for details). Any of
the log file attributes may be omitted, in which case those at-
tributes for the new file will use the same values as the origi-
nal log file for the omitted attributes. This option can be
disabled using the nocreate option.
nocreate
New log files are not created (this overrides the create op-
tion).
createolddir mode owner group
If the directory specified by olddir directive does not exist,
it is created. mode specifies the mode for the olddir directory
in octal (the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user who
will own the olddir directory, and group specifies the group the
olddir directory will belong to (see the section USER AND GROUP
for details). This option can be disabled using the nocreate-
olddir option.
nocreateolddir
olddir directory is not created by logrotate when it does not
exist.
copy Make a copy of the log file, but don't change the original at
all. This option can be used, for instance, to make a snapshot
of the current log file, or when some other utility needs to
truncate or parse the file. When this option is used, the cre-
ate option will have no effect, as the old log file stays in
place. The copy option allows storing rotated log files on the
different devices using olddir directive.
nocopy Do not copy the original log file and leave it in place. (this
overrides the copy option).
copytruncate
Truncate the original log file to zero size in place after cre-
ating a copy, instead of moving the old log file and optionally
creating a new one. It can be used when some program cannot be
told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing (ap-
pending) to the previous log file forever. Note that there is a
very small time slice between copying the file and truncating
it, so some logging data might be lost. When this option is
used, the create option will have no effect, as the old log file
stays in place. The copytruncate option allows storing rotated
log files on the different devices using olddir directive. The
copytruncate option implies norenamecopy.
nocopytruncate
Do not truncate the original log file in place after creating a
copy (this overrides the copytruncate option).
renamecopy
Log file is renamed to temporary filename in the same directory
by adding ".tmp" extension to it. After that, postrotate script
is run and log file is copied from temporary filename to final
filename. In the end, temporary filename is removed. The re-
namecopy option allows storing rotated log files on the differ-
ent devices using olddir directive. The renamecopy option im-
plies nocopytruncate.
norenamecopy
Do not rename and copy the original log file (this overrides the
renamecopy option).
shred Delete log files using shred -u instead of unlink(). This
should ensure that logs are not readable after their scheduled
deletion; this is off by default. See also noshred.
noshred
Do not use shred when deleting old log files. See also shred.
shredcycles count
Asks GNU shred(1) to overwrite log files count times before
deletion. Without this option, shred's default will be used.
allowhardlink
Rotate files with multiple hard links; this is off by default.
The target file might get emptied, e.g. with shred or copytrun-
cate. Use with caution, especially when the log files are ro-
tated as root.
noallowhardlink
Do not rotate files with multiple hard links. See also al-
lowhardlink.
Compression
compress
Old versions of log files are compressed with gzip(1) by de-
fault. See also nocompress.
nocompress
Old versions of log files are not compressed. See also com-
press.
compresscmd
Specifies which command to use to compress log files. The de-
fault is gzip(1). See also compress.
uncompresscmd
Specifies which command to use to uncompress log files. The de-
fault is gunzip(1).
compressext
Specifies which extension to use on compressed logfiles, if com-
pression is enabled. The default follows that of the configured
compression command.
compressoptions
Command line options may be passed to the compression program,
if one is in use. The default, for gzip(1), is "-6" (biased to-
wards high compression at the expense of speed). If you use a
different compression command, you may need to change the com-
pressoptions to match.
delaycompress
Postpone compression of the previous log file to the next rota-
tion cycle. This only has effect when used in combination with
compress. It can be used when some program cannot be told to
close its logfile and thus might continue writing to the previ-
ous log file for some time.
nodelaycompress
Do not postpone compression of the previous log file to the next
rotation cycle (this overrides the delaycompress option).
Filenames
extension ext
Log files with ext extension can keep it after the rotation. If
compression is used, the compression extension (normally .gz)
appears after ext. For example you have a logfile named my-
log.foo and want to rotate it to mylog.1.foo.gz instead of my-
log.foo.1.gz.
addextension ext
Log files are given the final extension ext after rotation. If
the original file already ends with ext, the extension is not
duplicated, but merely moved to the end, that is both filename
and filenameext would get rotated to filename.1ext. If compres-
sion is used, the compression extension (normally .gz) appears
after ext.
start count
This is the number to use as the base for rotation. For exam-
ple, if you specify 0, the logs will be created with a .0 exten-
sion as they are rotated from the original log files. If you
specify 9, log files will be created with a .9, skipping 0–8.
Files will still be rotated the number of times specified with
the rotate directive.
dateext
Archive old versions of log files adding a date extension like
YYYYMMDD instead of simply adding a number. The extension may
be configured using the dateformat and dateyesterday options.
nodateext
Do not archive old versions of log files with date extension
(this overrides the dateext option).
dateformat format_string
Specify the extension for dateext using the notation similar to
strftime(3) function. Only %Y %m %d %H %M %S %V and %s speci-
fiers are allowed. The default value is -%Y%m%d except hourly,
which uses -%Y%m%d%H as default value. Note that also the char-
acter separating log name from the extension is part of the
dateformat string. The system clock must be set past Sep 9th
2001 for %s to work correctly. Note that the datestamps gener-
ated by this format must be lexically sortable (that is first
the year, then the month then the day. For example 2001/12/01
is ok, but 01/12/2001 is not, since 01/11/2002 would sort lower
while it is later). This is because when using the rotate op-
tion, logrotate sorts all rotated filenames to find out which
logfiles are older and should be removed.
dateyesterday
Use yesterday's instead of today's date to create the dateext
extension, so that the rotated log file has a date in its name
that is the same as the timestamps within it.
datehourago
Use hour ago instead of current date to create the dateext ex-
tension, so that the rotated log file has a hour in its name
that is the same as the timestamps within it. Useful with ro-
tate hourly.
Mail
mail address
When a log is rotated out of existence, it is mailed to address.
If no mail should be generated by a particular log, the nomail
directive may be used.
nomail Do not mail old log files to any address.
mailfirst
When using the mail command, mail the just-rotated file, instead
of the about-to-expire file.
maillast
When using the mail command, mail the about-to-expire file, in-
stead of the just-rotated file (this is the default).
Additional config files
include file_or_directory
Reads the file given as an argument as if it was included inline
where the include directive appears. If a directory is given,
most of the files in that directory are read in alphabetic order
before processing of the including file continues. The only
files which are ignored are files which are not regular files
(such as directories and named pipes) and files whose names end
with one of the taboo extensions or patterns, as specified by
the tabooext or taboopat directives, respectively. The given
path may start with ~/ to make it relative to the home directory
of the executing user. For security reasons configuration files
must not be group-writable nor world-writable.
Scripts
sharedscripts
Normally, prerotate and postrotate scripts are run for each log
which is rotated and the absolute path to the log file is passed
as first argument to the script. That means a single script may
be run multiple times for log file entries which match multiple
files (such as the /var/log/news/* example). If sharedscripts
is specified, the scripts are only run once, no matter how many
logs match the wildcarded pattern, and whole pattern is passed
to them. However, if none of the logs in the pattern require
rotating, the scripts will not be run at all. If the scripts
exit with error (or any log fails to rotate), the remaining ac-
tions will not be executed for any logs. This option overrides
the nosharedscripts option.
nosharedscripts
Run prerotate and postrotate scripts for every log file which is
rotated (this is the default, and overrides the sharedscripts
option). The absolute path to the log file is passed as first
argument to the script. The absolute path to the final rotated
log file is passed as the second argument to the postrotate
script. If the scripts exit with error, the remaining actions
will not be executed for the affected log only.
firstaction
script
endscript
The script is executed once before all log files that match the
wildcarded pattern are rotated, before the prerotate script is
run and only if at least one log will actually be rotated.
These directives may only appear inside a log file definition.
The whole pattern is passed to the script as its first argument.
If the script exits with an error, no further processing is
done. See also lastaction and the SCRIPTS section.
lastaction
script
endscript
The script is executed once after all log files that match the
wildcarded pattern are rotated, after the postrotate script is
run and only if at least one log is rotated. These directives
may only appear inside a log file definition. The whole pattern
is passed to the script as its first argument. If the script
exits with an error, just an error message is shown (as this is
the last action). See also firstaction and the SCRIPTS section.
prerotate
script
endscript
The script is executed before the log file is rotated and only
if the log will actually be rotated. These directives may only
appear inside a log file definition. Normally, the absolute
path to the log file is passed as the first argument to the
script. If sharedscripts is specified, the whole pattern is
passed to the script. See also postrotate and the SCRIPTS sec-
tion. See sharedscripts and nosharedscripts for error handling.
postrotate
script
endscript
The script is executed after the log file is rotated. These di-
rectives may only appear inside a log file definition. Nor-
mally, the absolute path to the log file is passed as the first
argument to the script and the absolute path to the final ro-
tated log file is passed as the second argument to the script.
If sharedscripts is specified, the whole pattern is passed as
the first argument to the script, and the second argument is
omitted. See also prerotate and the SCRIPTS section. See
sharedscripts and nosharedscripts for error handling.
preremove
script
endscript
The script is executed once just before removal of a log file.
logrotate will pass the name of file which is soon to be removed
as the first argument to the script. See also firstaction and
the SCRIPTS section.
SCRIPTS
The lines between the starting keyword (e.g. prerotate) and endscript
(both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using
/bin/sh). The script inherits some traits from the logrotate process,
including stderr, stdout, the current directory, the environment, and
the umask. Scripts are run as the invoking user and group, irrespec-
tive of any su directive. If the --log flag was specified, file de-
scriptor 3 is the log file. The current working directory is unspeci-
fied.
USER AND GROUP
User and group identifiers are resolved first by trying the textual
representation and, in case it fails, afterwards by the numeric value.
FILES
/var/lib/logrotate/status Default state file.
/etc/logrotate.conf Configuration options.
SEE ALSO
chmod(2), gunzip(1), gzip(1), mail(1), shred(1), strftime(3), str-
toul(3), <https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>
AUTHORS
Erik Troan, Preston Brown, Jan Kaluza.
<https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>
Linux 3.21.0 LOGROTATE(8)
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