GROFF_TRACE(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_TRACE(7)
NAME
groff_trace - groff macro package trace.tmac
SYNOPSIS
groff -m trace [option ...] [input-file ...]
DESCRIPTION
The trace macro package of groff(1) can be a valuable tool for debug-
ging documents written in the roff formatting language. A call stack
trace is protocolled on standard error, this is, a diagnostic message
is emitted on entering and exiting of a macro call. This greatly eases
to track down an error in some macro.
This tracing process is activated by specifying the groff or troff com-
mand-line option -m trace. This works also with the groffer(1) viewer
program. A finer control can be obtained by including the macro file
within the document by the groff macro call .mso trace.tmac. Only
macros that are defined after this line are traced.
If the command-line option -r trace-full=1 is given (or if this regis-
ter is set in the document), number and string register assignments to-
gether with some other requests are traced also.
If some other macro package should be traced as well it must be speci-
fied after -m trace on the command line.
The macro file trace.tmac is unusual because it does not contain any
macros to be called by a user. Instead, the existing macro definition
and appending facilities are modified such that they display diagnostic
messages.
EXAMPLES
In the following examples, a roff fragment is fed into groff via stan-
dard input. As we are only interested in the diagnostic messages
(standard error) on the terminal, the normal formatted output (standard
output) is redirected to the nirvana device /dev/null. The resulting
diagnostic messages are displayed directly below the corresponding ex-
ample.
Command line option
Example:
sh# echo '.
> .de test_macro
> ..
> .test_macro
> .test_macro some dummy arguments
> ' | groff -m trace > /dev/null
*** .de test_macro
*** de trace enter: .test_macro
*** trace exit: .test_macro
*** de trace enter: .test_macro "some" "dummy" "arguments"
*** trace exit: .test_macro "some" "dummy" "arguments"
The entry and the exit of each macro call is displayed on the terminal
(standard output) — together with the arguments (if any).
Nested macro calls
Example:
sh# echo '.
> .de child
> ..
> .de parent
> .child
> ..
> .parent
> ' | groff -m trace > /dev/null
*** .de child
*** .de parent
*** de trace enter: .parent
*** de trace enter: .child
*** trace exit: .child
*** trace exit: .parent
This shows that macro calls can be nested. This powerful feature can
help to tack down quite complex call stacks.
Activating with .mso
Example:
sh# echo '.
> .de before
> ..
> .mso trace.tmac
> .de after
> ..
> .before
> .after
> .before
> ' | groff > /dev/null
*** de trace enter: .after
*** trace exit: .after
Here, the tracing is activated within the document, not by a command-
line option. As tracing was not active when macro before was defined,
no call of this macro is protocolled; on the other hand, the macro af-
ter is fully protocolled.
PROBLEMS
Because trace.tmac wraps the .de request (and its cousins), macro argu-
ments are expanded one level more. This causes problems if an argument
contains four backslashes or more to prevent too early expansion of the
backslash. For example, this macro call
.foo \\\\n[bar]
normally passes ‘\\n[bar]’ to macro ‘.foo’, but with the redefined .de
request it passes ‘\n[bar]’ instead.
The solution to this problem is to use groff's \E escape which is an
escape character not interpreted in copy mode, for example
.foo \En[bar]
FILES
The trace macros are kept in the file trace.tmac located in the tmac
directory; see groff_tmac(5) for details.
ENVIRONMENT
GROFF_TMAC_PATH
A colon-separated list of additional tmac directories in which
to search for macro files; see groff_tmac(5) for details.
AUTHORS
The trace macro packages was written by James Clark. This document was
written by Bernd Warken ⟨groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de⟩.
SEE ALSO
Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff, by Trent A. Fisher and Werner
Lemberg, is the primary groff manual. You can browse it interactively
with “info groff”.
groff(1)
An overview of the groff system.
troff(1)
For details on option -m.
groffer(1)
A viewer program for all kinds of roff documents.
groff_tmac(5)
A general description of groff macro packages.
groff(7)
A short reference for the groff formatting language.
groff 1.22.4 7 March 2023 GROFF_TRACE(7)
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