CARGO-BENCH(1) General Commands Manual CARGO-BENCH(1)
NAME
cargo-bench - Execute benchmarks of a package
SYNOPSIS
cargo bench [options] [benchname] [-- bench-options]
DESCRIPTION
Compile and execute benchmarks.
The benchmark filtering argument benchname and all the arguments
following the two dashes (--) are passed to the benchmark binaries and
thus to libtest (rustc's built in unit-test and micro-benchmarking
framework). If you are passing arguments to both Cargo and the binary,
the ones after -- go to the binary, the ones before go to Cargo. For
details about libtest's arguments see the output of cargo bench --
--help and check out the rustc book's chapter on how tests work at
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/tests/index.html>.
As an example, this will run only the benchmark named foo (and skip
other similarly named benchmarks like foobar):
cargo bench -- foo --exact
Benchmarks are built with the --test option to rustc which creates a
special executable by linking your code with libtest. The executable
automatically runs all functions annotated with the #[bench] attribute.
Cargo passes the --bench flag to the test harness to tell it to run
only benchmarks.
The libtest harness may be disabled by setting harness = false in the
target manifest settings, in which case your code will need to provide
its own main function to handle running benchmarks.
Note: The #[bench] attribute
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/unstable-book/library-features/test.html>
is currently unstable and only available on the nightly channel
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/appendix-07-nightly-rust.html>.
There are some packages available on crates.io
<https://crates.io/keywords/benchmark> that may help with
running benchmarks on the stable channel, such as Criterion
<https://crates.io/crates/criterion>.
By default, cargo bench uses the bench profile
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html#bench>, which
enables optimizations and disables debugging information. If you need
to debug a benchmark, you can use the --profile=dev command-line option
to switch to the dev profile. You can then run the debug-enabled
benchmark within a debugger.
OPTIONS
Benchmark Options
--no-run
Compile, but don't run benchmarks.
--no-fail-fast
Run all benchmarks regardless of failure. Without this flag, Cargo
will exit after the first executable fails. The Rust test harness
will run all benchmarks within the executable to completion, this
flag only applies to the executable as a whole.
Package Selection
By default, when no package selection options are given, the packages
selected depend on the selected manifest file (based on the current
working directory if --manifest-path is not given). If the manifest is
the root of a workspace then the workspaces default members are
selected, otherwise only the package defined by the manifest will be
selected.
The default members of a workspace can be set explicitly with the
workspace.default-members key in the root manifest. If this is not set,
a virtual workspace will include all workspace members (equivalent to
passing --workspace), and a non-virtual workspace will include only the
root crate itself.
-p spec..., --package spec...
Benchmark only the specified packages. See cargo-pkgid(1) for the
SPEC format. This flag may be specified multiple times and supports
common Unix glob patterns like *, ? and []. However, to avoid your
shell accidentally expanding glob patterns before Cargo handles
them, you must use single quotes or double quotes around each
pattern.
--workspace
Benchmark all members in the workspace.
--all
Deprecated alias for --workspace.
--exclude SPEC...
Exclude the specified packages. Must be used in conjunction with
the --workspace flag. This flag may be specified multiple times and
supports common Unix glob patterns like *, ? and []. However, to
avoid your shell accidentally expanding glob patterns before Cargo
handles them, you must use single quotes or double quotes around
each pattern.
Target Selection
When no target selection options are given, cargo bench will build the
following targets of the selected packages:
• lib — used to link with binaries and benchmarks
• bins (only if benchmark targets are built and required features are
available)
• lib as a benchmark
• bins as benchmarks
• benchmark targets
The default behavior can be changed by setting the bench flag for the
target in the manifest settings. Setting examples to bench = true will
build and run the example as a benchmark. Setting targets to bench =
false will stop them from being benchmarked by default. Target
selection options that take a target by name ignore the bench flag and
will always benchmark the given target.
Binary targets are automatically built if there is an integration test
or benchmark being selected to benchmark. This allows an integration
test to execute the binary to exercise and test its behavior. The
CARGO_BIN_EXE_<name> environment variable
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html#environment-variables-cargo-sets-for-crates>
is set when the integration test is built so that it can use the env
macro <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.env.html> to locate the
executable.
Passing target selection flags will benchmark only the specified
targets.
Note that --bin, --example, --test and --bench flags also support
common Unix glob patterns like *, ? and []. However, to avoid your
shell accidentally expanding glob patterns before Cargo handles them,
you must use single quotes or double quotes around each glob pattern.
--lib
Benchmark the package's library.
--bin name...
Benchmark the specified binary. This flag may be specified multiple
times and supports common Unix glob patterns.
--bins
Benchmark all binary targets.
--example name...
Benchmark the specified example. This flag may be specified
multiple times and supports common Unix glob patterns.
--examples
Benchmark all example targets.
--test name...
Benchmark the specified integration test. This flag may be
specified multiple times and supports common Unix glob patterns.
--tests
Benchmark all targets in test mode that have the test = true
manifest flag set. By default this includes the library and
binaries built as unittests, and integration tests. Be aware that
this will also build any required dependencies, so the lib target
may be built twice (once as a unittest, and once as a dependency
for binaries, integration tests, etc.). Targets may be enabled or
disabled by setting the test flag in the manifest settings for the
target.
--bench name...
Benchmark the specified benchmark. This flag may be specified
multiple times and supports common Unix glob patterns.
--benches
Benchmark all targets in benchmark mode that have the bench = true
manifest flag set. By default this includes the library and
binaries built as benchmarks, and bench targets. Be aware that this
will also build any required dependencies, so the lib target may be
built twice (once as a benchmark, and once as a dependency for
binaries, benchmarks, etc.). Targets may be enabled or disabled by
setting the bench flag in the manifest settings for the target.
--all-targets
Benchmark all targets. This is equivalent to specifying --lib
--bins --tests --benches --examples.
Feature Selection
The feature flags allow you to control which features are enabled. When
no feature options are given, the default feature is activated for
every selected package.
See the features documentation
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/features.html#command-line-feature-options>
for more details.
-F features, --features features
Space or comma separated list of features to activate. Features of
workspace members may be enabled with package-name/feature-name
syntax. This flag may be specified multiple times, which enables
all specified features.
--all-features
Activate all available features of all selected packages.
--no-default-features
Do not activate the default feature of the selected packages.
Compilation Options
--target triple
Benchmark for the given architecture. The default is the host
architecture. The general format of the triple is
<arch><sub>-<vendor>-<sys>-<abi>. Run rustc --print target-list for
a list of supported targets. This flag may be specified multiple
times.
This may also be specified with the build.target config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>.
Note that specifying this flag makes Cargo run in a different mode
where the target artifacts are placed in a separate directory. See
the build cache
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/build-cache.html>
documentation for more details.
--profile name
Benchmark with the given profile. See the the reference
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html> for more
details on profiles.
--ignore-rust-version
Benchmark the target even if the selected Rust compiler is older
than the required Rust version as configured in the project's
rust-version field.
--timings=fmts
Output information how long each compilation takes, and track
concurrency information over time. Accepts an optional
comma-separated list of output formats; --timings without an
argument will default to --timings=html. Specifying an output
format (rather than the default) is unstable and requires
-Zunstable-options. Valid output formats:
• html (unstable, requires -Zunstable-options): Write a
human-readable file cargo-timing.html to the
target/cargo-timings directory with a report of the
compilation. Also write a report to the same directory with a
timestamp in the filename if you want to look at older runs.
HTML output is suitable for human consumption only, and does
not provide machine-readable timing data.
• json (unstable, requires -Zunstable-options): Emit
machine-readable JSON information about timing information.
Output Options
--target-dir directory
Directory for all generated artifacts and intermediate files. May
also be specified with the CARGO_TARGET_DIR environment variable,
or the build.target-dir config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>. Defaults
to target in the root of the workspace.
Display Options
By default the Rust test harness hides output from benchmark execution
to keep results readable. Benchmark output can be recovered (e.g., for
debugging) by passing --nocapture to the benchmark binaries:
cargo bench -- --nocapture
-v, --verbose
Use verbose output. May be specified twice for "very verbose"
output which includes extra output such as dependency warnings and
build script output. May also be specified with the term.verbose
config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>.
-q, --quiet
Do not print cargo log messages. May also be specified with the
term.quiet config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>.
--color when
Control when colored output is used. Valid values:
• auto (default): Automatically detect if color support is
available on the terminal.
• always: Always display colors.
• never: Never display colors.
May also be specified with the term.color config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>.
--message-format fmt
The output format for diagnostic messages. Can be specified
multiple times and consists of comma-separated values. Valid
values:
• human (default): Display in a human-readable text format.
Conflicts with short and json.
• short: Emit shorter, human-readable text messages. Conflicts
with human and json.
• json: Emit JSON messages to stdout. See the reference
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/external-tools.html#json-messages>
for more details. Conflicts with human and short.
• json-diagnostic-short: Ensure the rendered field of JSON
messages contains the "short" rendering from rustc. Cannot be
used with human or short.
• json-diagnostic-rendered-ansi: Ensure the rendered field of JSON
messages contains embedded ANSI color codes for respecting
rustc's default color scheme. Cannot be used with human or
short.
• json-render-diagnostics: Instruct Cargo to not include rustc
diagnostics in JSON messages printed, but instead Cargo itself
should render the JSON diagnostics coming from rustc. Cargo's
own JSON diagnostics and others coming from rustc are still
emitted. Cannot be used with human or short.
Manifest Options
--manifest-path path
Path to the Cargo.toml file. By default, Cargo searches for the
Cargo.toml file in the current directory or any parent directory.
--frozen, --locked
Either of these flags requires that the Cargo.lock file is
up-to-date. If the lock file is missing, or it needs to be updated,
Cargo will exit with an error. The --frozen flag also prevents
Cargo from attempting to access the network to determine if it is
out-of-date.
These may be used in environments where you want to assert that the
Cargo.lock file is up-to-date (such as a CI build) or want to avoid
network access.
--offline
Prevents Cargo from accessing the network for any reason. Without
this flag, Cargo will stop with an error if it needs to access the
network and the network is not available. With this flag, Cargo
will attempt to proceed without the network if possible.
Beware that this may result in different dependency resolution than
online mode. Cargo will restrict itself to crates that are
downloaded locally, even if there might be a newer version as
indicated in the local copy of the index. See the cargo-fetch(1)
command to download dependencies before going offline.
May also be specified with the net.offline config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>.
Common Options
+toolchain
If Cargo has been installed with rustup, and the first argument to
cargo begins with +, it will be interpreted as a rustup toolchain
name (such as +stable or +nightly). See the rustup documentation
<https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/overrides.html> for more
information about how toolchain overrides work.
--config KEY=VALUE or PATH
Overrides a Cargo configuration value. The argument should be in
TOML syntax of KEY=VALUE, or provided as a path to an extra
configuration file. This flag may be specified multiple times. See
the command-line overrides section
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#command-line-overrides>
for more information.
-h, --help
Prints help information.
-Z flag
Unstable (nightly-only) flags to Cargo. Run cargo -Z help for
details.
Miscellaneous Options
The --jobs argument affects the building of the benchmark executable
but does not affect how many threads are used when running the
benchmarks. The Rust test harness runs benchmarks serially in a single
thread.
-j N, --jobs N
Number of parallel jobs to run. May also be specified with the
build.jobs config value
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html>. Defaults
to the number of logical CPUs. If negative, it sets the maximum
number of parallel jobs to the number of logical CPUs plus provided
value. Should not be 0.
--keep-going
Build as many crates in the dependency graph as possible, rather
than aborting the build on the first one that fails to build.
Unstable, requires -Zunstable-options.
ENVIRONMENT
See the reference
<https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html>
for details on environment variables that Cargo reads.
EXIT STATUS
• 0: Cargo succeeded.
• 101: Cargo failed to complete.
EXAMPLES
1. Build and execute all the benchmarks of the current package:
cargo bench
2. Run only a specific benchmark within a specific benchmark target:
cargo bench --bench bench_name -- modname::some_benchmark
SEE ALSO
cargo(1), cargo-test(1)
CARGO-BENCH(1)
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