.. _whats-old:
Changes in previous versions
****************************
Changes in the most recent major version are here: :ref:`whats-new`.
.. _whats-new-0.14.x:
Changes in version 0.14.3 (2014-12-15)
======================================
This is a bug-fix release:
- Expose contents of ``thread`` (not ``dummy_thread``) as ``_thread`` on Py2 (Issue #124)
- Add signed support for ``newint.to_bytes()`` (Issue #128)
- Fix ``OrderedDict.clear()`` on Py2.6 (Issue #125)
- Improve ``newrange``: equality and slicing, start/stop/step properties, refactoring (Issues #129, #130)
- Minor doc updates
Changes in version 0.14.2 (2014-11-21)
======================================
This is a bug-fix release:
- Speed up importing of ``past.translation`` (Issue #117)
- ``html.escape()``: replace function with the more robust one from Py3.4
- ``futurize``: avoid displacing encoding comments by ``__future__`` imports (Issues #97, #10, #121)
- ``futurize``: don't swallow exit code (Issue #119)
- Packaging: don't forcibly remove the old build dir in ``setup.py`` (Issue #108)
- Docs: update further docs and tests to refer to ``install_aliases()`` instead of
``install_hooks()``
- Docs: fix ``iteritems`` import error in cheat sheet (Issue #120)
- Tests: don't rely on presence of ``test.test_support`` on Py2 or ``test.support`` on Py3 (Issue #109)
- Tests: don't override existing ``PYTHONPATH`` for tests (PR #111)
Changes in version 0.14.1 (2014-10-02)
======================================
This is a minor bug-fix release:
- Docs: add a missing template file for building docs (Issue #108)
- Tests: fix a bug in error handling while reporting failed script runs (Issue #109)
- ``install_aliases()``: don't assume that the ``test.test_support`` module always
exists on Py2 (Issue #109)
Changes in version 0.14.0 (2014-10-02)
======================================
This is a major new release that offers a cleaner interface for most imports in
Python 2/3 compatible code.
Instead of this interface::
>>> from future.builtins import str, open, range, dict
>>> from future.standard_library import hooks
>>> with hooks():
... import queue
... import configparser
... import tkinter.dialog
... # etc.
You can now use the following interface for much Python 2/3 compatible code::
>>> # Alias for future.builtins on Py2:
>>> from builtins import str, open, range, dict
>>> # Alias for future.moves.* on Py2:
>>> import queue
>>> import configparser
>>> import tkinter.dialog
>>> etc.
Notice that the above code will run on Python 3 even without the presence of the
``future`` package. Of the 44 standard library modules that were refactored with
PEP 3108, 30 are supported with direct imports in this manner. (These are listed
here: :ref:`direct-imports`.)
The other 14 standard library modules that kept the same top-level names in
Py3.x are not supported with this direct import interface on Py2. These include
the 5 modules in the Py3 ``urllib`` package. These modules are accessible through
the following interface (as well as the interfaces offered in previous versions
of ``python-future``)::
from future.standard_library import install_aliases
install_aliases()
from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
import dbm.gnu
from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
from sys import intern
import test.support
from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlparse
# etc.
from collections import Counter, OrderedDict # backported to Py2.6
The complete list of packages supported with this interface is here:
:ref:`list-standard-library-refactored`.
For more information on these and other interfaces to the standard library, see
:ref:`standard-library-imports`.
Bug fixes
---------
- This release expands the ``future.moves`` package to include most of the remaining
modules that were moved in the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108).
(Issue #104)
- This release also removes the broken ``--doctests_only`` option from the ``futurize``
and ``pasteurize`` scripts for now. (Issue #103)
Internal cleanups
-----------------
The project folder structure has changed. Top-level packages are now in a
``src`` folder and the tests have been moved into a project-level ``tests``
folder.
The following deprecated internal modules have been removed (Issue #80):
- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``.
Deprecations
------------
The following internal functions have been deprecated and will be removed in a future release:
- ``future.standard_library.scrub_py2_sys_modules``
- ``future.standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules``
.. _whats-new-0.13.x:
Changes in version 0.13.1 (2014-09-23)
======================================
This is a bug-fix release:
- Fix (multiple) inheritance of ``future.builtins.object`` with metaclasses (Issues #91, #96)
- Fix ``futurize``'s refactoring of ``urllib`` imports (Issue #94)
- Fix ``futurize --all-imports`` (Issue #101)
- Fix ``futurize --output-dir`` logging (Issue #102)
- Doc formatting fix (Issues #98, #100)
Changes in version 0.13.0 (2014-08-13)
======================================
This is mostly a clean-up release. It adds some small new compatibility features
and fixes several bugs.
Deprecations
------------
The following unused internal modules are now deprecated. They will be removed in a
future release:
- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``.
(Issue #80). See `here <http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging:No_Bundled_Libraries>`_
for the rationale for unbundling them.
New features
------------
- Docs: Add :ref:`compatible-idioms` from Ed Schofield's PyConAU 2014 talk.
- Add ``newint.to_bytes()`` and ``newint.from_bytes()``. (Issue #85)
- Add ``future.utils.raise_from`` as an equivalent to Py3's ``raise ... from
...`` syntax. (Issue #86)
- Add ``past.builtins.oct()`` function.
- Add backports for Python 2.6 of ``subprocess.check_output()``,
``itertools.combinations_with_replacement()``, and ``functools.cmp_to_key()``.
Bug fixes
---------
- Use a private logger instead of the global logger in
``future.standard_library`` (Issue #82). This restores compatibility of the
standard library hooks with ``flask``. (Issue #79)
- Stage 1 of ``futurize`` no longer renames ``next`` methods to ``__next__``
(Issue #81). It still converts ``obj.next()`` method calls to
``next(obj)`` correctly.
- Prevent introduction of a second set of parentheses in ``print()`` calls in
some further cases.
- Fix ``isinstance`` checks for subclasses of future types. (Issue #89)
- Be explicit about encoding file contents as UTF-8 in unit tests. (Issue #63)
Useful for building RPMs and in other environments where ``LANG=C``.
- Fix for 3-argument ``pow(x, y, z)`` with ``newint`` arguments. (Thanks to @str4d.)
(Issue #87)
.. _whats-new-0.12.4:
Changes in version 0.12.4 (2014-07-18)
======================================
- Fix upcasting behaviour of ``newint``. (Issue #76)
.. _whats-new-0.12.3:
Changes in version 0.12.3 (2014-06-19)
======================================
- Add "official Python 3.4 support": Py3.4 is now listed among the PyPI Trove
classifiers and the tests now run successfully on Py3.4. (Issue #67)
- Add backports of ``collections.OrderedDict`` and
``collections.Counter`` for Python 2.6. (Issue #52)
- Add ``--version`` option for ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts.
(Issue #57)
- Fix ``future.utils.ensure_new_type`` with ``long`` input. (Issue #65)
- Remove some false alarms on checks for ambiguous fixer names with
``futurize -f ...``.
- Testing fixes:
- Don't hard-code Python interpreter command in tests. (Issue #62)
- Fix deprecated ``unittest`` usage in Py3. (Issue #62)
- Be explicit about encoding temporary file contents as UTF-8 for
when ``LANG=C`` (e.g., when building an RPM). (Issue #63)
- All undecorated tests are now passing again on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3,
and 3.4 (thanks to Elliott Sales de Andrade).
- Docs:
- Add list of fixers used by ``futurize``. (Issue #58)
- Add list of contributors to the Credits page.
.. _whats-new-0.12.2:
Changes in version 0.12.2 (2014-05-25)
======================================
- Add ``bytes.maketrans()`` method. (Issue #51)
- Add support for Python versions between 2.7.0 and 2.7.3 (inclusive).
(Issue #53)
- Bug fix for ``newlist(newlist([1, 2, 3]))``. (Issue #50)
.. _whats-new-0.12.1:
Changes in version 0.12.1 (2014-05-14)
======================================
- Python 2.6 support: ``future.standard_library`` now isolates the ``importlib``
dependency to one function (``import_``) so the ``importlib`` backport may
not be needed.
- Doc updates
.. _whats-new-0.12:
Changes in version 0.12.0 (2014-05-06)
======================================
The major new feature in this version is improvements in the support for the
reorganized standard library (PEP 3108) and compatibility of the import
mechanism with 3rd-party modules.
More robust standard-library import hooks
-----------------------------------------
**Note: backwards-incompatible change:** As previously announced (see
:ref:`deprecated-auto-import-hooks`), the import hooks must now be enabled
explicitly, as follows::
from future import standard_library
with standard_library.hooks():
import html.parser
import http.client
...
This now causes these modules to be imported from ``future.moves``, a new
package that provides wrappers over the native Python 2 standard library with
the new Python 3 organization. As a consequence, the import hooks provided in
``future.standard_library`` are now fully compatible with the `Requests library
<http://python-requests.org>`_.
The functional interface with ``install_hooks()`` is still supported for
backwards compatibility::
from future import standard_library
standard_library.install_hooks():
import html.parser
import http.client
...
standard_library.remove_hooks()
Explicit installation of import hooks allows finer-grained control
over whether they are enabled for other imported modules that provide their own
Python 2/3 compatibility layer. This also improves compatibility of ``future``
with tools like ``py2exe``.
``newobject`` base object defines fallback Py2-compatible special methods
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a new ``future.types.newobject`` base class (available as
``future.builtins.object``) that can streamline Py2/3 compatible code by
providing fallback Py2-compatible special methods for its subclasses. It
currently provides ``next()`` and ``__nonzero__()`` as fallback methods on Py2
when its subclasses define the corresponding Py3-style ``__next__()`` and
``__bool__()`` methods.
This obviates the need to add certain compatibility hacks or decorators to the
code such as the ``@implements_iterator`` decorator for classes that define a
Py3-style ``__next__`` method.
In this example, the code defines a Py3-style iterator with a ``__next__``
method. The ``object`` class defines a ``next`` method for Python 2 that maps
to ``__next__``::
from future.builtins import object
class Upper(object):
def __init__(self, iterable):
self._iter = iter(iterable)
def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface
return next(self._iter).upper()
def __iter__(self):
return self
assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
``newobject`` defines other Py2-compatible special methods similarly:
currently these include ``__nonzero__`` (mapped to ``__bool__``) and
``__long__`` (mapped to ``__int__``).
Inheriting from ``newobject`` on Python 2 is safe even if your class defines
its own Python 2-style ``__nonzero__`` and ``next`` and ``__long__`` methods.
Your custom methods will simply override those on the base class.
On Python 3, as usual, ``future.builtins.object`` simply refers to ``builtins.object``.
``past.builtins`` module improved
---------------------------------
The ``past.builtins`` module is much more compatible with the corresponding
builtins on Python 2; many more of the Py2 unit tests pass on Py3. For example,
functions like ``map()`` and ``filter()`` now behave as they do on Py2 with with
``None`` as the first argument.
The ``past.builtins`` module has also been extended to add Py3 support for
additional Py2 constructs that are not adequately handled by ``lib2to3`` (see
Issue #37). This includes new ``execfile()`` and ``cmp()`` functions.
``futurize`` now invokes imports of these functions from ``past.builtins``.
``surrogateescape`` error handler
---------------------------------
The ``newstr`` type (``future.builtins.str``) now supports a backport of the
Py3.x ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler for preserving high-bit
characters when encoding and decoding strings with unknown encodings.
``newlist`` type
----------------
There is a new ``list`` type in ``future.builtins`` that offers ``.copy()`` and
``.clear()`` methods like the ``list`` type in Python 3.
``listvalues`` and ``listitems``
--------------------------------
``future.utils`` now contains helper functions ``listvalues`` and
``listitems``, which provide Python 2-style list snapshotting semantics for
dictionaries in both Python 2 and Python 3.
These came out of the discussion around Nick Coghlan's now-withdrawn PEP 469.
There is no corresponding ``listkeys(d)`` function; use ``list(d)`` instead.
Tests
-----
The number of unit tests has increased from 600 to over 800. Most of the new
tests come from Python 3.3's test suite.
Refactoring of ``future.standard_library.*`` -> ``future.backports``
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The backported standard library modules have been moved to ``future.backports``
to make the distinction clearer between these and the new ``future.moves``
package.
Backported ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` modules
-------------------------------------------------
Alpha versions of backports of the ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` module from
Python 3.3's standard library are now provided in ``future.backports``.
Use them like this::
from future.backports.urllib.request import Request # etc.
from future.backports.http import server as http_server
Or with this new interface::
from future.standard_library import import_, from_import
Request = from_import('urllib.request', 'Request', backport=True)
http = import_('http.server', backport=True)
.. from future.standard_library.email import message_from_bytes # etc.
.. from future.standard_library.xmlrpc import client, server
Internal refactoring
--------------------
The ``future.builtins.types`` module has been moved to ``future.types``.
Likewise, ``past.builtins.types`` has been moved to ``past.types``. The only
user-visible effect of this is to change ``repr(type(obj))`` for instances
of these types. For example::
>>> from future.builtins import bytes
>>> bytes(b'abc')
>>> type(b)
future.types.newbytes.newbytes
Instead of::
>>> type(b) # prior to v0.12
future.builtins.types.newbytes.newbytes
Bug fixes
---------
Many small improvements and fixes have been made across the project. Some highlights are:
- Fixes and updates from Python 3.3.5 have been included in the backported
standard library modules.
- Scrubbing of the ``sys.modules`` cache performed by ``remove_hooks()`` (also
called by the ``suspend_hooks`` and ``hooks`` context managers) is now more
conservative.
.. Is this still true?
.. It now removes only modules with Py3 names (such as
.. ``urllib.parse``) and not the corresponding ``future.standard_library.*``
.. modules (such as ``future.standard_library.urllib.parse``.
- The ``fix_next`` and ``fix_reduce`` fixers have been moved to stage 1 of
``futurize``.
- ``futurize``: Shebang lines such as ``#!/usr/bin/env python`` and source code
file encoding declarations like ``# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-`` are no longer occasionally
displaced by ``from __future__ import ...`` statements. (Issue #10)
- Improved compatibility with ``py2exe`` (`Issue #31 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/31>`_).
- The ``future.utils.bytes_to_native_str`` function now returns a platform-native string
object and ``future.utils.native_str_to_bytes`` returns a ``newbytes`` object on Py2.
(`Issue #47 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/47>`_).
- The backported ``http.client`` module and related modules use other new
backported modules such as ``email``. As a result they are more compliant
with the Python 3.3 equivalents.
.. _whats-new-0.11.4:
Changes in version 0.11.4 (2014-05-25)
======================================
This release contains various small improvements and fixes:
- This release restores Python 2.6 compatibility. (Issue #42)
- The ``fix_absolute_import`` fixer now supports Cython ``.pyx`` modules. (Issue
#35)
- Right-division with ``newint`` objects is fixed. (Issue #38)
- The ``fix_dict`` fixer has been moved to stage2 of ``futurize``.
- Calls to ``bytes(string, encoding[, errors])`` now work with ``encoding`` and
``errors`` passed as positional arguments. Previously this only worked if
``encoding`` and ``errors`` were passed as keyword arguments.
- The 0-argument ``super()`` function now works from inside static methods such
as ``__new__``. (Issue #36)
- ``future.utils.native(d)`` calls now work for ``future.builtins.dict`` objects.
.. _whats-new-0.11.3:
Changes in version 0.11.3 (2014-02-27)
======================================
This release has improvements in the standard library import hooks mechanism and
its compatibility with 3rd-party modules:
Improved compatibility with ``requests``
----------------------------------------
The ``__exit__`` function of the ``hooks`` context manager and the
``remove_hooks`` function both now remove submodules of
``future.standard_library`` from the ``sys.modules`` cache. Therefore this code
is now possible on Python 2 and 3::
from future import standard_library
standard_library.install_hooks()
import http.client
standard_library.remove_hooks()
import requests
data = requests.get('http://www.google.com')
Previously, this required manually removing ``http`` and ``http.client`` from
``sys.modules`` before importing ``requests`` on Python 2.x. (Issue #19)
This change should also improve the compatibility of the standard library hooks
with any other module that provides its own Python 2/3 compatibility code.
Note that the situation will improve further in version 0.12; import hooks will
require an explicit function call or the ``hooks`` context manager.
Conversion scripts explicitly install import hooks
--------------------------------------------------
The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts now add an explicit call to
``install_hooks()`` to install the standard library import hooks. These scripts
now add these two lines::
from future import standard_library
standard_library.install_hooks()
instead of just the first one. The next major version of ``future`` (0.12) will
require the explicit call or use of the ``hooks`` context manager. This will
allow finer-grained control over whether import hooks are enabled for other
imported modules, such as ``requests``, which provide their own Python 2/3
compatibility code.
``futurize`` script no longer adds ``unicode_literals`` by default
------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a new ``--unicode-literals`` flag to ``futurize`` that adds the
import::
from __future__ import unicode_literals
to the top of each converted module. Without this flag, ``futurize`` now no
longer adds this import. (Issue #22)
The ``pasteurize`` script for converting from Py3 to Py2/3 still adds
``unicode_literals``. (See the comments in Issue #22 for an explanation.)
.. _whats-new-0.11:
Changes in version 0.11 (2014-01-28)
====================================
There are several major new features in version 0.11.
``past`` package
----------------
The python-future project now provides a ``past`` package in addition to the
``future`` package. Whereas ``future`` provides improved compatibility with
Python 3 code to Python 2, ``past`` provides support for using and interacting
with Python 2 code from Python 3. The structure reflects that of ``future``,
with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.utils``. There is also a new
``past.translation`` package that provides transparent translation of Python 2
code to Python 3. (See below.)
One purpose of ``past`` is to ease module-by-module upgrades to
codebases from Python 2. Another is to help with enabling Python 2 libraries to
support Python 3 without breaking the API they currently provide. (For example,
user code may expect these libraries to pass them Python 2's 8-bit strings,
rather than Python 3's ``bytes`` object.) A third purpose is to help migrate
projects to Python 3 even if one or more dependencies are still on Python 2.
Currently ``past.builtins`` provides forward-ports of Python 2's ``str`` and
``dict`` objects, ``basestring``, and list-producing iterator functions. In
later releases, ``past.builtins`` will be used internally by the
``past.translation`` package to help with importing and using old Python 2
modules in a Python 3 environment.
Auto-translation of Python 2 modules upon import
------------------------------------------------
``past`` provides an experimental ``translation`` package to help
with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment.
This is implemented using import hooks that attempt to automatically
translate Python 2 modules to Python 3 syntax and semantics upon import. Use
it like this::
$ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile # to ignore SyntaxErrors
$ python3
Then pass in a whitelist of module name prefixes to the
``past.translation.autotranslate()`` function. Example::
>>> from past.translation import autotranslate
>>> autotranslate(['plotrique'])
>>> import plotrique
This is intended to help you migrate to Python 3 without the need for all
your code's dependencies to support Python 3 yet. It should be used as a
last resort; ideally Python 2-only dependencies should be ported
properly to a Python 2/3 compatible codebase using a tool like
``futurize`` and the changes should be pushed to the upstream project.
For more information, see :ref:`translation`.
Separate ``pasteurize`` script
------------------------------
The functionality from ``futurize --from3`` is now in a separate script called
``pasteurize``. Use ``pasteurize`` when converting from Python 3 code to Python
2/3 compatible source. For more information, see :ref:`backwards-conversion`.
``pow()``
---------
There is now a ``pow()`` function in ``future.builtins.misc`` that behaves like
the Python 3 ``pow()`` function when raising a negative number to a fractional
power (returning a complex number).
``input()`` no longer disabled globally on Py2
----------------------------------------------
Previous versions of ``future`` deleted the ``input()`` function from
``__builtin__`` on Python 2 as a security measure. This was because
Python 2's ``input()`` function allows arbitrary code execution and could
present a security vulnerability on Python 2 if someone expects Python 3
semantics but forgets to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins``. This
behaviour has been reverted, in the interests of broadening the
compatibility of ``future`` with other Python 2 modules.
Please remember to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins`` if you use
``input()`` in a Python 2/3 compatible codebase.
.. _deprecated-auto-import-hooks:
Deprecated feature: auto-installation of standard-library import hooks
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous versions of ``python-future`` installed import hooks automatically upon
importing the ``standard_library`` module from ``future``. This has been
deprecated in order to improve robustness and compatibility with modules like
``requests`` that already perform their own single-source Python 2/3
compatibility.
As of v0.12, importing ``future.standard_library``
will no longer install import hooks by default. Instead, please install the
import hooks explicitly as follows::
from future import standard_library
standard_library.install_hooks()
And uninstall them after your import statements using::
standard_library.remove_hooks()
*Note*: This is a backward-incompatible change.
Internal changes
----------------
The internal ``future.builtins.backports`` module has been renamed to
``future.builtins.types``. This will change the ``repr`` of ``future``
types but not their use.
.. _whats-new-0.10.2:
Changes in version 0.10.2 (2014-01-11)
======================================
New context-manager interface to ``standard_library.hooks``
-----------------------------------------------------------
There is a new context manager ``future.standard_library.hooks``. Use it like
this::
from future import standard_library
with standard_library.hooks():
import queue
import configserver
from http.client import HTTPConnection
# etc.
If not using this context manager, it is now encouraged to add an explicit call to
``standard_library.install_hooks()`` as follows::
from future import standard_library
standard_library.install_hooks()
import queue
import html
import http.client
# etc.
And to remove the hooks afterwards with::
standard_library.remove_hooks()
The functions ``install_hooks()`` and ``remove_hooks()`` were previously
called ``enable_hooks()`` and ``disable_hooks()``. The old names are
deprecated (but are still available as aliases).
As usual, this feature has no effect on Python 3.
.. _whats-new-0.10:
Changes in version 0.10.0 (2013-12-02)
======================================
Backported ``dict`` type
------------------------
``future.builtins`` now provides a Python 2 ``dict`` subclass whose
:func:`keys`, :func:`values`, and :func:`items` methods produce
memory-efficient iterators. On Python 2.7, these also have the same set-like
view behaviour as on Python 3. This can streamline code needing to iterate
over large dictionaries. For example::
from __future__ import print_function
from future.builtins import dict, range
squares = dict({i: i**2 for i in range(10**7)})
assert not isinstance(d.items(), list)
# Because items() is memory-efficient, so is this:
square_roots = dict((i_squared, i) for (i, i_squared) in squares.items())
For more information, see :ref:`dict-object`.
Utility functions ``raise_`` and ``exec_``
------------------------------------------
The functions ``raise_with_traceback()`` and ``raise_()`` were
added to ``future.utils`` to offer either the Python 3.x or Python 2.x
behaviour for raising exceptions. Thanks to Joel Tratner for the
contribution of these. ``future.utils.reraise()`` is now deprecated.
A portable ``exec_()`` function has been added to ``future.utils`` from
``six``.
Bugfixes
--------
- Fixed ``newint.__divmod__``
- Improved robustness of installing and removing import hooks in :mod:`future.standard_library`
- v0.10.1: Fixed broken ``pip install future`` on Py3
.. _whats-new-0.9:
Changes in version 0.9 (2013-11-06)
===================================
``isinstance`` checks are supported natively with backported types
------------------------------------------------------------------
The ``isinstance`` function is no longer redefined in ``future.builtins``
to operate with the backported ``int``, ``bytes`` and ``str``.
``isinstance`` checks with the backported types now work correctly by
default; we achieve this through overriding the ``__instancecheck__``
method of metaclasses of the backported types.
For more information, see :ref:`isinstance-calls`.
``futurize``: minimal imports by default
----------------------------------------
By default, the ``futurize`` script now only adds the minimal set of
imports deemed necessary.
There is now an ``--all-imports`` option to the ``futurize`` script which
gives the previous behaviour, which is to add all ``__future__`` imports
and ``from future.builtins import *`` imports to every module. (This even
applies to an empty ``__init__.py`` file.)
Looser type-checking for the backported ``str`` object
------------------------------------------------------
Now the ``future.builtins.str`` object behaves more like the Python 2
``unicode`` object with regard to type-checking. This is to work around some
bugs / sloppiness in the Python 2 standard library involving mixing of
byte-strings and unicode strings, such as ``os.path.join`` in ``posixpath.py``.
``future.builtins.str`` still raises the expected ``TypeError`` exceptions from
Python 3 when attempting to mix it with ``future.builtins.bytes``.
``suspend_hooks()`` context manager added to ``future.standard_library``
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pychecker (as of v0.6.1)'s ``checker.py`` attempts to import the ``builtins``
module as a way of determining whether Python 3 is running. Since this
succeeds when ``from future import standard_library`` is in effect, this
check does not work and pychecker sets the wrong value for its internal ``PY2``
flag is set.
To work around this, ``future`` now provides a context manager called
``suspend_hooks`` that can be used as follows::
from future import standard_library
...
with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
from pychecker.checker import Checker
.. _whats-new-0.8:
Changes in version 0.8 (2013-10-28)
===================================
Python 2.6 support
------------------
``future`` now includes support for Python 2.6.
To run the ``future`` test suite on Python 2.6, this additional package is needed::
pip install unittest2
``http.server`` also requires the ``argparse`` package::
pip install argparse
Unused modules removed
----------------------
The ``future.six`` module has been removed. ``future`` doesn't require ``six``
(and hasn't since version 0.3). If you need support for Python versions before
2.6, ``six`` is the best option. ``future`` and ``six`` can be installed
alongside each other easily if needed.
The unused ``hacks`` module has also been removed from the source tree.
``isinstance()`` added to :mod:`future.builtins` (v0.8.2)
---------------------------------------------------------
It is now possible to use ``isinstance()`` calls normally after importing ``isinstance`` from
``future.builtins``. On Python 2, this is specially defined to be compatible with
``future``'s backported ``int``, ``str``, and ``bytes`` types, as well as
handling Python 2's ``int``/``long`` distinction.
The result is that code that uses ``isinstance`` to perform type-checking of
ints, strings, and bytes should now work identically on Python 2 as on Python 3.
The utility functions ``isint``, ``istext``, and ``isbytes`` provided before for
compatible type-checking across Python 2 and 3 in :mod:`future.utils` are now
deprecated.
.. _changelog:
Summary of all changes
======================
v0.15.0:
* Full backports of ``urllib.parse`` and other ``urllib`` submodules are exposed by ``install_aliases()``.
* ``tkinter.ttk`` support
* Initial ``surrogateescape`` support
* Additional backports: ``collections``, ``http`` constants, etc.
* Bug fixes
v0.14.3:
* Bug fixes
v0.14.2:
* Bug fixes
v0.14.1:
* Bug fixes
v0.14.0:
* New top-level ``builtins`` package on Py2 for cleaner imports. Equivalent to
``future.builtins``
* New top-level packages on Py2 with the same names as Py3 standard modules:
``configparser``, ``copyreg``, ``html``, ``http``, ``xmlrpc``, ``winreg``
v0.13.1:
* Bug fixes
v0.13.0:
* Cheat sheet for writing Python 2/3 compatible code
* ``to_int`` and ``from_int`` methods for ``newbytes``
* Bug fixes
v0.12.0:
* Add ``newobject`` and ``newlist`` types
* Improve compatibility of import hooks with ``Requests``, ``py2exe``
* No more auto-installation of import hooks by ``future.standard_library``
* New ``future.moves`` package
* ``past.builtins`` improved
* ``newstr.encode(..., errors='surrogateescape')`` supported
* Refactoring: ``future.standard_library`` submodules -> ``future.backports``
* Refactoring: ``future.builtins.types`` -> ``future.types``
* Refactoring: ``past.builtins.types`` -> ``past.types``
* New ``listvalues`` and ``listitems`` functions in ``future.utils``
* Many bug fixes to ``futurize``, ``future.builtins``, etc.
v0.11.4:
* Restore Py2.6 compatibility
v0.11.3:
* The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts add an explicit call to
``future.standard_library.install_hooks()`` whenever modules affected by
PEP 3108 are imported.
* The ``future.builtins.bytes`` constructor now accepts ``frozenset``
objects as on Py3.
v0.11.2:
* The ``past.translation.autotranslate`` feature now finds modules to import
more robustly and works with Python eggs.
v0.11.1:
* Update to ``requirements_py26.txt`` for Python 2.6. Small updates to
docs and tests.
v0.11:
* New ``past`` package with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.translation``
modules.
v0.10.2:
* Improvements to stdlib hooks. New context manager:
``future.standard_library.hooks()``.
* New ``raise_`` and ``raise_with_traceback`` functions in ``future.utils``.
v0.10:
* New backported ``dict`` object with set-like ``keys``, ``values``, ``items``
v0.9:
* :func:`isinstance` hack removed in favour of ``__instancecheck__`` on the
metaclasses of the backported types
* ``futurize`` now only adds necessary imports by default
* Looser type-checking by ``future.builtins.str`` when combining with Py2
native byte-strings.
v0.8.3:
* New ``--all-imports`` option to ``futurize``
* Fix bug with ``str.encode()`` with encoding as a non-keyword arg
v0.8.2:
* New ``isinstance`` function in :mod:`future.builtins`. This obviates
and deprecates the utility functions for type-checking in :mod:`future.utils`.
v0.8.1:
* Backported ``socketserver.py``. Fixes sporadic test failures with
``http.server`` (related to threading and old-style classes used in Py2.7's
``SocketServer.py``).
* Move a few more safe ``futurize`` fixes from stage2 to stage1
* Bug fixes to :mod:`future.utils`
v0.8:
* Added Python 2.6 support
* Removed unused modules: :mod:`future.six` and :mod:`future.hacks`
* Removed undocumented functions from :mod:`future.utils`
v0.7:
* Added a backported Py3-like ``int`` object (inherits from ``long``).
* Added utility functions for type-checking and docs about
``isinstance`` uses/alternatives.
* Fixes and stricter type-checking for ``bytes`` and ``str`` objects
* Added many more tests for the ``futurize`` script
* We no longer disable obsolete Py2 builtins by default with ``from
future.builtins import *``. Use ``from future.builtins.disabled
import *`` instead.
v0.6:
* Added a backported Py3-like ``str`` object (inherits from Py2's ``unicode``)
* Removed support for the form ``from future import *``; use ``from future.builtins import *`` instead
v0.5.3:
* Doc improvements
v0.5.2:
* Add lots of docs and a Sphinx project
v0.5.1:
* Upgraded included ``six`` module (included as ``future.utils.six``) to v1.4.1
* :mod:`http.server` module backported
* ``bytes.split()`` and ``.rsplit()`` bugfixes
v0.5.0:
* Added backported Py3-like ``bytes`` object
v0.4.2:
* Various fixes
v0.4.1:
* Added :func:`open` (from :mod:`io` module on Py2)
* Improved docs
v0.4.0:
* Added various useful compatibility functions to :mod:`future.utils`
* Reorganized package: moved all builtins to :mod:`future.builtins`; moved
all stdlib things to ``future.standard_library``
* Renamed ``python-futurize`` console script to ``futurize``
* Moved ``future.six`` to ``future.utils.six`` and pulled the most relevant
definitions to :mod:`future.utils`.
* More improvements to "Py3 to both" conversion (``futurize.py --from3``)
v0.3.5:
* Fixed broken package setup ("package directory 'libfuturize/tests' does not exist")
v0.3.4:
* Added ``itertools.zip_longest``
* Updated ``2to3_backcompat`` tests to use ``futurize.py``
* Improved ``libfuturize`` fixers: correct order of imports; add imports only when necessary (except ``absolute_import`` currently)
v0.3.3:
* Added ``python-futurize`` console script
* Added ``itertools.filterfalse``
* Removed docs about unfinished backports (``urllib`` etc.)
* Removed old Py2 syntax in some files that breaks py3 ``setup.py install``
v0.3.2:
* Added ``test.support`` module
* Added ``UserList``, ``UserString``, ``UserDict`` classes to ``collections`` module
* Removed ``int`` -> ``long`` mapping
* Added backported ``_markupbase.py`` etc. with new-style classes to fix travis-ci build problems
* Added working ``html`` and ``http.client`` backported modules
v0.3.0:
* Generalized import hooks to allow dotted imports
* Added backports of ``urllib``, ``html``, ``http`` modules from Py3.3 stdlib using ``future``
* Added ``futurize`` script for automatically turning Py2 or Py3 modules into
cross-platform Py3 modules
* Renamed ``future.standard_library_renames`` to
``future.standard_library``. (No longer just renames, but backports too.)
v0.2.2.1:
* Small bug fixes to get tests passing on travis-ci.org
v0.2.1:
* Small bug fixes
v0.2.0:
* ``Features`` module renamed to ``modified_builtins``
* New functions added: :func:`round`, :func:`input`
* No more namespace pollution as a policy::
from future import *
should have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, it only shadows the
builtins; it doesn't introduce any new names.
* End-to-end tests with Python 2 code and ``2to3`` now work
v0.1.0:
* first version with tests!
* removed the inspect-module magic
v0.0.x:
* initial releases. Use at your peril.
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