USERMOD(8) 系统管理命令 USERMOD(8)
名称
usermod - 修改一个用户账户
大纲
usermod [选项] 登录
描述
The usermod command modifies the system account files.
选项
The options which apply to the usermod command are:
-a, --append
Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G
option.
-b, --badname
Allow names that do not conform to standards.
-c, --comment COMMENT
update the comment field of the user in /etc/passwd, which is
normally modified using the chfn(1) utility.
-d, --home HOME_DIR
用户的新登录目录。
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home
directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created
if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does
not exist the new home directory will not be created.
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is
specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD. Integers as input are
interpreted as days after 1970-01-01.
An input of -1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration
field in the shadow password file. The account will remain
available with no date limit.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will
be created if there were none.
-f, --inactive INACTIVE
defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum
age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing
the password. This grace period before the account becomes inactive
is stored in the shadow password file. An input of 0 will disable
an expired password with no delay. An input of -1 will blank the
respective field in the shadow password file. See shadow(5) for
more information.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will
be created if there were none.
-g, --gid GROUP
The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group
must exist.
用户主目录中，属于原来的主组的文件将转交新组所有。
主目录之外的文件所属的组必须手动修改。
The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's
home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is
different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure
for special home directories such as /.
-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of.
Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
intervening whitespace. The groups must exist.
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed,
the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be
changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current
supplementary group list.
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN
The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN.
Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory
or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the
new login name.
-L, --lock
Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted
password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this
option with -p or -U.
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a
password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.
-m, --move-home
moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location.
If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory
will not be created.
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home)
option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy
the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be
needed afterwards.
-o, --non-unique
allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
This option is only valid in combination with the -u option. As a
user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and
permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the
system's behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will
access the account of the given UID.
-p, --password PASSWORD
defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be
encrypted, as returned by crypt (3).
Note: Avoid this option on the command line because the password
(or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the
processes.
The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or
/etc/shadow file. This might differ from the password database
configured in your PAM configuration.
您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。
-r, --remove
Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with
the -G option.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration
files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are
supported.
-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
Apply changes within the directory tree starting with PREFIX_DIR
and use as well the configuration files located there. This option
does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation
target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not
verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX
support.
-s, --shell SHELL
changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL blanks
the field in /etc/passwd and logs the user into the system's
default shell.
-u, --uid UID
The new value of the user's ID.
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value
must be non-negative.
用户的邮箱，用户主目录中属于此用户的文件的属主 ID 也将自动更改。
用户主目录之外文件所有权必须手动修复。
The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home
directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different
from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for
special home directories such as /.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX,
SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.
-U, --unlock
Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the
encrypted password. You can't use this option with -p or -L.
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a
password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to
99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).
-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST
Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges
to a user's account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN,
SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST
Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple
ranges to a user's account. When both --del-subuids and
--add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid
ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN,
SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST
Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges
to a user's account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN,
SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST
Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple
ranges to a user's account. When both --del-subgids and
--add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid
ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN,
SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
defines the SELinux user to be mapped with LOGIN. An empty string
("") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the
shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8)
for that.
CAVEATS
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any
processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical
user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being
changed. usermod checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it
only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.
You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.
您必须更改 NIS 服务器上的 NIS 相关内容。
配置文件
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the
behavior of this tool:
文件
/etc/group
Group account information
/etc/gshadow
Secure group account informatio.
/etc/login.defs
Shadow password suite configuration
/etc/passwd
User account information
/etc/shadow
Secure user account information
/etc/subgid
Per user subordinate group IDs
/etc/subuid
Per user subordinate user IDs
参见
chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8),
groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), subgid(5), subuid(5),
useradd(8), userdel(8).
shadow-utils 4.13 2023-03-23 USERMOD(8)
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