mouse(3NCURSES) mouse(3NCURSES)
NAME
has_mouse, getmouse, ungetmouse, mousemask, wenclose, mouse_trafo,
wmouse_trafo, mouseinterval - mouse interface through curses
SYNOPSIS
#include <curses.h>
typedef unsigned long mmask_t;
typedef struct {
short id; /* ID to distinguish multiple devices */
int x, y, z; /* event coordinates */
mmask_t bstate; /* button state bits */
} MEVENT;
bool has_mouse(void);
int getmouse(MEVENT *event);
int ungetmouse(MEVENT *event);
mmask_t mousemask(mmask_t newmask, mmask_t *oldmask);
bool wenclose(const WINDOW *win, int y, int x);
bool mouse_trafo(int* pY, int* pX, bool to_screen);
bool wmouse_trafo(const WINDOW* win,
int* pY, int* pX, bool to_screen);
int mouseinterval(int erval);
DESCRIPTION
These functions provide an interface to mouse events from ncurs-
es(3NCURSES). Mouse events are represented by KEY_MOUSE pseudo-key
values in the wgetch(3X) input stream.
mousemask
To make mouse events visible, use the mousemask function. This sets
the mouse events to be reported. By default, no mouse events are re-
ported.
• The function returns an updated copy of newmask to indicate which
of the specified mouse events can be reported.
If the screen has not been initialized, or if the terminal does not
support mouse-events, this function returns 0.
• If oldmask is non-NULL, this function fills the indicated location
with the previous value of the current screen's mouse event mask.
As a side effect, setting a zero mousemask may turn off the mouse
pointer; setting a nonzero mask may turn it on. Whether this happens
is device-dependent.
Mouse events
Here are the mouse event type masks which may be defined:
Name Description
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON1_PRESSED mouse button 1 down
BUTTON1_RELEASED mouse button 1 up
BUTTON1_CLICKED mouse button 1 clicked
BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 1 double clicked
BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 1 triple clicked
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON2_PRESSED mouse button 2 down
BUTTON2_RELEASED mouse button 2 up
BUTTON2_CLICKED mouse button 2 clicked
BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 2 double clicked
BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 2 triple clicked
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON3_PRESSED mouse button 3 down
BUTTON3_RELEASED mouse button 3 up
BUTTON3_CLICKED mouse button 3 clicked
BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 3 double clicked
BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 3 triple clicked
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON4_PRESSED mouse button 4 down
BUTTON4_RELEASED mouse button 4 up
BUTTON4_CLICKED mouse button 4 clicked
BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 4 double clicked
BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 4 triple clicked
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON5_PRESSED mouse button 5 down
BUTTON5_RELEASED mouse button 5 up
BUTTON5_CLICKED mouse button 5 clicked
BUTTON5_DOUBLE_CLICKED mouse button 5 double clicked
BUTTON5_TRIPLE_CLICKED mouse button 5 triple clicked
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BUTTON_SHIFT shift was down during button state change
BUTTON_CTRL control was down during button state change
BUTTON_ALT alt was down during button state change
ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS report all button state changes
REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION report mouse movement
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getmouse
Once a class of mouse events has been made visible in a window, calling
the wgetch function on that window may return KEY_MOUSE as an indicator
that a mouse event has been queued. To read the event data and pop the
event off the queue, call getmouse. This function will return OK if a
mouse event is actually visible in the given window, ERR otherwise.
When getmouse returns OK, the data deposited as y and x in the event
structure coordinates will be screen-relative character-cell coordi-
nates. The returned state mask will have exactly one bit set to indi-
cate the event type. The corresponding data in the queue is marked in-
valid. A subsequent call to getmouse will retrieve the next older item
from the queue.
ungetmouse
The ungetmouse function behaves analogously to ungetch. It pushes a
KEY_MOUSE event onto the input queue, and associates with that event
the given state data and screen-relative character-cell coordinates.
wenclose
The wenclose function tests whether a given pair of screen-relative
character-cell coordinates is enclosed by a given window, returning
TRUE if it is and FALSE otherwise. It is useful for determining what
subset of the screen windows enclose the location of a mouse event.
wmouse_trafo
The wmouse_trafo function transforms a given pair of coordinates from
stdscr-relative coordinates to coordinates relative to the given window
or vice versa. The resulting stdscr-relative coordinates are not al-
ways identical to window-relative coordinates due to the mechanism to
reserve lines on top or bottom of the screen for other purposes (see
the ripoffline and slk_init(3X) calls, for example).
• If the parameter to_screen is TRUE, the pointers pY, pX must refer-
ence the coordinates of a location inside the window win. They are
converted to window-relative coordinates and returned through the
pointers. If the conversion was successful, the function returns
TRUE.
• If one of the parameters was NULL or the location is not inside the
window, FALSE is returned.
• If to_screen is FALSE, the pointers pY, pX must reference window-
relative coordinates. They are converted to stdscr-relative coor-
dinates if the window win encloses this point. In this case the
function returns TRUE.
• If one of the parameters is NULL or the point is not inside the
window, FALSE is returned. The referenced coordinates are only re-
placed by the converted coordinates if the transformation was suc-
cessful.
mouse_trafo
The mouse_trafo function performs the same translation as wmouse_trafo,
using stdscr for win.
mouseinterval
The mouseinterval function sets the maximum time (in thousands of a
second) that can elapse between press and release events for them to be
recognized as a click. Use mouseinterval(0) to disable click resolu-
tion. This function returns the previous interval value. Use mousein-
terval(-1) to obtain the interval without altering it. The default is
one sixth of a second.
has_mouse
The has_mouse function returns TRUE if the mouse driver has been suc-
cessfully initialized.
Note that mouse events will be ignored when input is in cooked mode,
and will cause an error beep when cooked mode is being simulated in a
window by a function such as getstr that expects a linefeed for input-
loop termination.
RETURN VALUE
getmouse and ungetmouse return the integer ERR upon failure or OK upon
successful completion:
getmouse
returns an error.
• If no mouse driver was initialized, or if the mask parameter is
zero,
• It returns an error if a mouse event was detected which did not
match the current mousemask.
• It also returns an error if no more events remain in the queue.
ungetmouse
returns an error if the FIFO is full.
mousemask returns the mask of reportable events.
mouseinterval returns the previous interval value, unless the terminal
was not initialized. In that case, it returns the maximum interval
value (166).
wenclose and wmouse_trafo are boolean functions returning TRUE or FALSE
depending on their test result.
PORTABILITY
These calls were designed for ncurses(3NCURSES), and are not found in
SVr4 curses, 4.4BSD curses, or any other previous version of curses.
SVr4 curses had support for the mouse in a variant of xterm(1). It is
mentioned in a few places, but with no supporting documentation:
• the “libcurses” manual page lists functions for this feature which
are prototyped in curses.h:
extern int mouse_set(long int);
extern int mouse_on(long int);
extern int mouse_off(long int);
extern int request_mouse_pos(void);
extern int map_button(unsigned long);
extern void wmouse_position(WINDOW *, int *, int *);
extern unsigned long getmouse(void), getbmap(void);
• the “terminfo” manual page lists capabilities for the feature
buttons btns BT Number of buttons on the mouse
get_mouse getm Gm Curses should get button events
key_mouse kmous Km 0631, Mouse event has occurred
mouse_info minfo Mi Mouse status information
req_mouse_pos reqmp RQ Request mouse position report
• the interface made assumptions (as does ncurses) about the escape
sequences sent to and received from the terminal.
For instance the SVr4 curses library used the get_mouse capability
to tell the terminal which mouse button events it should send,
passing the mouse-button bit-mask to the terminal. Also, it could
ask the terminal where the mouse was using the req_mouse_pos capa-
bility.
Those features required a terminal which had been modified to work
with curses. They were not part of the X Consortium's xterm.
When developing the xterm mouse support for ncurses in September 1995,
Eric Raymond was uninterested in using the same interface due to its
lack of documentation. Later, in 1998, Mark Hesseling provided support
in PDCurses 2.3 using the SVr4 interface. PDCurses, however, does not
use video terminals, making it unnecessary to be concerned about com-
patibility with the escape sequences.
The feature macro NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION is provided so the preprocessor
can be used to test whether these features are present. If the inter-
face is changed, the value of NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION will be increment-
ed. These values for NCURSES_MOUSE_VERSION may be specified when con-
figuring ncurses:
1 has definitions for reserved events. The mask uses 28 bits.
2 adds definitions for button 5, removes the definitions for re-
served events. The mask uses 29 bits.
The order of the MEVENT structure members is not guaranteed. Addition-
al fields may be added to the structure in the future.
Under ncurses(3NCURSES), these calls are implemented using either
xterm's built-in mouse-tracking API or platform-specific drivers in-
cluding
• Alessandro Rubini's gpm server
• FreeBSD sysmouse
• OS/2 EMX
If you are using an unsupported configuration, mouse events will not be
visible to ncurses(3NCURSES) (and the mousemask function will always
return 0).
If the terminfo entry contains a XM string, this is used in the xterm
mouse driver to control the way the terminal is initialized for mouse
operation. The default, if XM is not found, corresponds to private
mode 1000 of xterm:
\E[?1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
The mouse driver also recognizes a newer xterm private mode 1006, e.g.,
\E[?1006;1000%?%p1%{1}%=%th%el%;
The z member in the event structure is not presently used. It is in-
tended for use with touch screens (which may be pressure-sensitive) or
with 3D-mice/trackballs/power gloves.
The ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS class does not include REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION.
They are distinct. For example, in xterm, wheel/scrolling mice send
position reports as a sequence of presses of buttons 4 or 5 without
matching button-releases.
BUGS
Mouse events under xterm will not in fact be ignored during cooked
mode, if they have been enabled by mousemask. Instead, the xterm mouse
report sequence will appear in the string read.
Mouse events under xterm will not be detected correctly in a window
with its keypad bit off, since they are interpreted as a variety of
function key. Your terminfo description should have kmous set to
“\E[M” (the beginning of the response from xterm for mouse clicks).
Other values for kmous are permitted, but under the same assumption,
i.e., it is the beginning of the response.
Because there are no standard terminal responses that would serve to
identify terminals which support the xterm mouse protocol, ncurses as-
sumes that if kmous is defined in the terminal description, or if the
terminal description's primary name or aliases contain the string
“xterm”, then the terminal may send mouse events. The kmous capability
is checked first, allowing the use of newer xterm mouse protocols such
as xterm's private mode 1006.
SEE ALSO
ncurses(3NCURSES), inopts(3NCURSES), kernel(3NCURSES), slk(3NCURSES),
curses_variables(3NCURSES).
mouse(3NCURSES)
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