Net::HTTP(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Net::HTTP(3pm)
NAME
Net::HTTP - Low-level HTTP connection (client)
VERSION
version 6.22
SYNOPSIS
use Net::HTTP;
my $s = Net::HTTP->new(Host => "www.perl.com") || die $@;
$s->write_request(GET => "/", 'User-Agent' => "Mozilla/5.0");
my($code, $mess, %h) = $s->read_response_headers;
while (1) {
my $buf;
my $n = $s->read_entity_body($buf, 1024);
die "read failed: $!" unless defined $n;
last unless $n;
print $buf;
}
DESCRIPTION
The "Net::HTTP" class is a low-level HTTP client. An instance of the
"Net::HTTP" class represents a connection to an HTTP server. The HTTP
protocol is described in RFC 2616. The "Net::HTTP" class supports
"HTTP/1.0" and "HTTP/1.1".
"Net::HTTP" is a sub-class of one of "IO::Socket::IP" (IPv6+IPv4),
"IO::Socket::INET6" (IPv6+IPv4), or "IO::Socket::INET" (IPv4 only).
You can mix the methods described below with reading and writing from
the socket directly. This is not necessary a good idea, unless you
know what you are doing.
The following methods are provided (in addition to those of
"IO::Socket::INET"):
"$s = Net::HTTP->new( %options )"
The "Net::HTTP" constructor method takes the same options as
"IO::Socket::INET"'s as well as these:
Host: Initial host attribute value
KeepAlive: Initial keep_alive attribute value
SendTE: Initial send_te attribute_value
HTTPVersion: Initial http_version attribute value
PeerHTTPVersion: Initial peer_http_version attribute value
MaxLineLength: Initial max_line_length attribute value
MaxHeaderLines: Initial max_header_lines attribute value
The "Host" option is also the default for "IO::Socket::INET"'s
"PeerAddr". The "PeerPort" defaults to 80 if not provided. The
"PeerPort" specification can also be embedded in the "PeerAddr" by
preceding it with a ":", and closing the IPv6 address on brackets
"[]" if necessary:
"192.0.2.1:80","[2001:db8::1]:80","any.example.com:80".
The "Listen" option provided by "IO::Socket::INET"'s constructor
method is not allowed.
If unable to connect to the given HTTP server then the constructor
returns "undef" and $@ contains the reason. After a successful
connect, a "Net:HTTP" object is returned.
"$s->host"
Get/set the default value of the "Host" header to send. The $host
must not be set to an empty string (or "undef") for HTTP/1.1.
"$s->keep_alive"
Get/set the keep-alive value. If this value is TRUE then the
request will be sent with headers indicating that the server should
try to keep the connection open so that multiple requests can be
sent.
The actual headers set will depend on the value of the
"http_version" and "peer_http_version" attributes.
"$s->send_te"
Get/set the a value indicating if the request will be sent with a
"TE" header to indicate the transfer encodings that the server can
choose to use. The list of encodings announced as accepted by this
client depends on availability of the following modules:
"Compress::Raw::Zlib" for deflate, and "IO::Compress::Gunzip" for
gzip.
"$s->http_version"
Get/set the HTTP version number that this client should announce.
This value can only be set to "1.0" or "1.1". The default is
"1.1".
"$s->peer_http_version"
Get/set the protocol version number of our peer. This value will
initially be "1.0", but will be updated by a successful
read_response_headers() method call.
"$s->max_line_length"
Get/set a limit on the length of response line and response header
lines. The default is 8192. A value of 0 means no limit.
"$s->max_header_length"
Get/set a limit on the number of header lines that a response can
have. The default is 128. A value of 0 means no limit.
"$s->format_request($method, $uri, %headers, [$content])"
Format a request message and return it as a string. If the headers
do not include a "Host" header, then a header is inserted with the
value of the "host" attribute. Headers like "Connection" and
"Keep-Alive" might also be added depending on the status of the
"keep_alive" attribute.
If $content is given (and it is non-empty), then a "Content-Length"
header is automatically added unless it was already present.
"$s->write_request($method, $uri, %headers, [$content])"
Format and send a request message. Arguments are the same as for
format_request(). Returns true if successful.
"$s->format_chunk( $data )"
Returns the string to be written for the given chunk of data.
"$s->write_chunk($data)"
Will write a new chunk of request entity body data. This method
should only be used if the "Transfer-Encoding" header with a value
of "chunked" was sent in the request. Note, writing zero-length
data is a no-op. Use the write_chunk_eof() method to signal end of
entity body data.
Returns true if successful.
"$s->format_chunk_eof( %trailers )"
Returns the string to be written for signaling EOF when a
"Transfer-Encoding" of "chunked" is used.
"$s->write_chunk_eof( %trailers )"
Will write eof marker for chunked data and optional trailers. Note
that trailers should not really be used unless is was signaled with
a "Trailer" header.
Returns true if successful.
"($code, $mess, %headers) = $s->read_response_headers( %opts )"
Read response headers from server and return it. The $code is the
3 digit HTTP status code (see HTTP::Status) and $mess is the
textual message that came with it. Headers are then returned as
key/value pairs. Since key letter casing is not normalized and the
same key can even occur multiple times, assigning these values
directly to a hash is not wise. Only the $code is returned if this
method is called in scalar context.
As a side effect this method updates the 'peer_http_version'
attribute.
Options might be passed in as key/value pairs. There are currently
only two options supported; "laxed" and "junk_out".
The "laxed" option will make read_response_headers() more forgiving
towards servers that have not learned how to speak HTTP properly.
The "laxed" option is a boolean flag, and is enabled by passing in
a TRUE value. The "junk_out" option can be used to capture bad
header lines when "laxed" is enabled. The value should be an array
reference. Bad header lines will be pushed onto the array.
The "laxed" option must be specified in order to communicate with
pre-HTTP/1.0 servers that don't describe the response outcome or
the data they send back with a header block. For these servers
peer_http_version is set to "0.9" and this method returns (200,
"Assumed OK").
The method will raise an exception (die) if the server does not
speak proper HTTP or if the "max_line_length" or
"max_header_length" limits are reached. If the "laxed" option is
turned on and "max_line_length" and "max_header_length" checks are
turned off, then no exception will be raised and this method will
always return a response code.
"$n = $s->read_entity_body($buf, $size);"
Reads chunks of the entity body content. Basically the same
interface as for read() and sysread(), but the buffer offset
argument is not supported yet. This method should only be called
after a successful read_response_headers() call.
The return value will be "undef" on read errors, 0 on EOF, -1 if no
data could be returned this time, otherwise the number of bytes
assigned to $buf. The $buf is set to "" when the return value is
-1.
You normally want to retry this call if this function returns
either -1 or "undef" with $! as EINTR or EAGAIN (see Errno). EINTR
can happen if the application catches signals and EAGAIN can happen
if you made the socket non-blocking.
This method will raise exceptions (die) if the server does not
speak proper HTTP. This can only happen when reading chunked data.
"%headers = $s->get_trailers"
After read_entity_body() has returned 0 to indicate end of the
entity body, you might call this method to pick up any trailers.
"$s->_rbuf"
Get/set the read buffer content. The read_response_headers() and
read_entity_body() methods use an internal buffer which they will
look for data before they actually sysread more from the socket
itself. If they read too much, the remaining data will be left in
this buffer.
"$s->_rbuf_length"
Returns the number of bytes in the read buffer. This should always
be the same as:
length($s->_rbuf)
but might be more efficient.
SUBCLASSING
The read_response_headers() and read_entity_body() will invoke the
sysread() method when they need more data. Subclasses might want to
override this method to control how reading takes place.
The object itself is a glob. Subclasses should avoid using hash key
names prefixed with "http_" and "io_".
SEE ALSO
LWP, IO::Socket::INET, Net::HTTP::NB
AUTHOR
Gisle Aas <gisle@activestate.com>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2001 by Gisle Aas.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
perl v5.32.1 2022-01-23 Net::HTTP(3pm)
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