Gtk3(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Gtk3(3pm)
NAME
Gtk3 - Perl interface to the 3.x series of the gtk+ toolkit
SYNOPSIS
use Gtk3 -init;
my $window = Gtk3::Window->new ('toplevel');
my $button = Gtk3::Button->new ('Quit');
$button->signal_connect (clicked => sub { Gtk3::main_quit });
$window->add ($button);
$window->show_all;
Gtk3::main;
ABSTRACT
Perl bindings to the 3.x series of the gtk+ toolkit. This module
allows you to write graphical user interfaces in a Perlish and object-
oriented way, freeing you from the casting and memory management in C,
yet remaining very close in spirit to original API.
DESCRIPTION
The "Gtk3" module allows a Perl developer to use the gtk+ graphical
user interface library. Find out more about gtk+ at
<http://www.gtk.org>.
The gtk+ reference manual is also a handy companion when writing "Gtk3"
programs in Perl: <http://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/>. The Perl
bindings follow the C API very closely, and the C reference
documentation should be considered the canonical source. The
principles underlying the mapping from C to Perl are explained in the
documentation of Glib::Object::Introspection, on which "Gtk3" is based.
Glib::Object::Introspection also comes with the "perli11ndoc" program
which displays the API reference documentation of all installed
libraries organized in accordance with these principles.
Wrapped libraries
"Gtk3" automatically sets up the following correspondence between C
libraries and Perl packages:
Library | Package
--------------+----------
Gtk-3.0 | Gtk3
Gdk-3.0 | Gtk3::Gdk
GdkPixbuf-2.0 | Gtk3::Gdk
GdkPixdata-2.0| Gtk3::Gdk
Pango-1.0 | Pango
Import arguments
When importing "Gtk3", you can pass "-init" as in "use Gtk3 -init;" to
have "Gtk3::init" automatically called. You can also pass a version
number to require a certain version of "Gtk3".
Customizations and overrides
In order to make things more Perlish or to make porting from "Gtk2" to
"Gtk3" easier, "Gtk3" customizes the API generated by
Glib::Object::Introspection in a few spots:
• The array ref normally returned by the following functions is
flattened into a list:
Gtk3::ActionGroup::list_actions
Gtk3::Builder::get_objects
Gtk3::CellLayout::get_cells
Gtk3::Container::get_children
Gtk3::SizeGroup::get_widgets
Gtk3::TreePath::get_indices
Gtk3::TreeView::get_columns
Gtk3::UIManager::get_action_groups
Gtk3::UIManager::get_toplevels
Gtk3::Window::list_toplevels
Gtk3::stock_list_ids
Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::get_formats
• The following functions normally return a boolean and additional
out arguments, where the boolean indicates whether the out
arguments are valid. They are altered such that when the boolean
is true, only the additional out arguments are returned, and when
the boolean is false, an empty list is returned.
Gtk3::TextBuffer::get_selection_bounds
Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter
Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter_first
Gtk3::TreeModel::get_iter_from_string
Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_children
Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_nth_child
Gtk3::TreeModel::iter_parent
Gtk3::TreeModelFilter::convert_child_iter_to_iter
Gtk3::TreeModelSort::convert_child_iter_to_iter
Gtk3::TreeSelection::get_selected
Gtk3::TreeView::get_dest_row_at_pos
Gtk3::TreeView::get_path_at_pos
Gtk3::TreeView::get_tooltip_context
Gtk3::TreeView::get_visible_range
Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::cell_get_position
Gtk3::stock_lookup
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_axis
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_button
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_click_count
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_coords
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_keycode
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_keyval
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_scroll_direction
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_scroll_deltas
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_state
Gtk3::Gdk::Event::get_root_coords
Gtk3::Gdk::Window::get_origin
• Values of type Gtk3::ResponseType are converted to and from nick
names if possible, while still allowing raw IDs, in the following
places:
- For Gtk3::Dialog and Gtk3::InfoBar: the signal "response" as well
as the methods "add_action_widget", "add_button", "add_buttons",
"response", "set_default_response" and "set_response_sensitive".
- For Gtk3::Dialog: the methods "get_response_for_widget",
"get_widget_for_response", "run" and
"set_alternative_button_order".
• Values of type Gtk3::IconSize are converted to and from nick names
if possible, while still allowing raw IDs, in the following places:
- Gtk3::Image: the constructors new_from_stock, new_from_icon_set,
new_from_icon_name and new_from_gicon, the getters get_stock,
get_icon_set, get_icon_name and get_gicon and the setters
set_from_stock, set_from_icon_set, set_from_icon_name,
set_from_gicon.
- Gtk3::Widget: the method render_icon.
• The constants "Gtk3::EVENT_PROPAGATE" and "Gtk3::EVENT_STOP" can be
used in handlers for event signals like "key-press-event" to
indicate whether or not the event should continue propagating
through the widget hierarchy.
• The records corresponding to the various Gtk3::Gdk::Event types,
like "expose" or "key-release", are represented as objects blessed
into specific Perl packages, like "Gtk3::Gdk::EventExpose" or
"Gtk3::Gdk::EventKey", that all inherit from "Gtk3::Gdk::Event".
This allows you to seemlessly access type-specific fields as well
as common fields, as in "$event->window" or "$event->keyval".
• Gtk3::Gdk::Atom has overloads for the "==" and "!=" operators that
check for equality of the underlying atoms.
• For backwards compatibility, the functions "Gtk3::get_version_info"
and "Gtk3::GET_VERSION_INFO" are provided, and the functions
"Gtk3::CHECK_VERSION", "Gtk3::check_version", "Gtk3::init",
"Gtk3::init_check", "Gtk3::main", "Gtk3::main_level" and
"Gtk3::main_quit" can be called as class-static or as normal
functions: for example, "Gtk3->main_quit" and "Gtk3::main_quit" are
both supported. Additionally, "Gtk3::init" and "Gtk3::init_check"
automatically handle passing and updating @ARGV as appropriate.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::show_about_dialog" is provided.
• Perl reimplementations of "Gtk3::ActionGroup::add_actions",
"add_radio_actions" and "add_toggle_actions" are provided.
• "Gtk3::Builder::add_objects_from_file" and
"add_objects_from_string" also accept a list of objects instead of
an array ref.
• "Gtk3::Builder::add_objects_from_string" and "add_from_string"
don't take length arguments, as they are computed automatically.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::Builder::connect_signals" is
provided.
• The default "new" constructors of Gtk3::Button, Gtk3::CheckButton,
Gtk3::ColorButton, Gtk3::FontButton and Gtk3::ToggleButton reroute
to "new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra argument.
• The default "new" constructor of Gtk3::CheckMenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra argument.
• The "length" argument of "Gtk3::Clipboard::set_text" is optional.
• Perl reimplementations of "Gtk3::Container::add_with_properties",
"Gtk3::Container::child_get" and "Gtk3::Container::child_set" are
provided.
• "Gtk3::Container::find_child_property" and
"Gtk3::Container::list_child_properties" are forwarded to the
corresponding functions in "Gtk3::ContainerClass".
• "Gtk3::Container::get_focus_chain" returns a list of widgets, or an
empty list.
• "Gtk3::Container::set_focus_chain" also accepts a list of widgets.
• "Gtk3::CssProvider::load_from_data" also accepts a string.
• For Gtk3::Dialog and Gtk3::InfoBar, a Perl implementation of
"add_buttons" is provided.
• "Gtk3::Dialog::new" can optionally be called as "Gtk3::Dialog->new
(TITLE, PARENT, FLAGS, ...)" where "..." is a series of button text
and response id pairs.
• A Perl implementation of "Gtk3::Dialog::new_with_buttons" is
provided.
• The "length" argument of "Gtk3::Editable::insert_text" is optional.
• A Perl implementation of "Gtk3::FileChooserDialog::new" is
provided.
• "Gtk3::HBox::new" uses the defaults homogeneous = FALSE and spacing
= 5.
• The default "new" constructor of Gtk3::ImageMenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra argument.
• "Gtk3::InfoBar::new" can optionally be called as
"Gtk3::InfoBar->new (...)" where "..." is a series of button text
and response id pairs.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::InfoBar::new_with_buttons" is
provided.
• The default "new" constructor of Gtk3::LinkButton reroutes to
"new_with_label" if given an extra argument.
• "Gtk3::ListStore::new" also accepts a list of type names.
• Gtk3::ListStore has a "get" method that calls
"Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of "Glib::Object::get".
• "Gtk3::ListStore::insert_with_values" also accepts a list of
"column => value" pairs and reroutes to "insert_with_valuesv".
• "Gtk3::ListStore::set" also accepts a list of "column => value"
pairs.
• "Gtk3::Menu::popup" reroutes to "popup_for_device" for better
callback handling.
• "Gtk3::Menu::popup_for_device" allows the given menu position func
to return only x and y coordinates, defaulting "push_in" to FALSE.
• The default "new" constructor of Gtk3::MenuItem reroutes to
"new_with_mnemonic" if given an extra argument.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::MessageDialog::new" is provided.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::MessageDialog::new_with_markup"
is provided.
• A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::MessageDialog::format_secondary_text" and
"Gtk3::MessageDialog::format_secondary_markup" is provided
• The group handling in the constructors and accessors of
Gtk3::RadioAction, Gtk3::RadioButton, Gtk3::RadioMenuItem and
Gtk3::RadioToolButton is amended to work correctly when given array
refs of group members or single group members.
• Perl reimplementations of "Gtk3::RecentChooserDialog::new" and
"new_for_manager" are provided.
• Redirects are provided from "Gtk3::Stock::[function]" to
"Gtk3::stock_[function]" for "add", "add_static", "list_ids",
"lookup" and "set_translate_func".
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::StyleContext::get" is provided.
• An override for "Gtk3::TargetEntry::new" is provided that
automatically handles the conversion of the "flags" argument.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::TextBuffer::create_tag" is
provided.
• The "length" arguments of "Gtk3::TextBuffer::insert",
"insert_at_cursor", "insert_interactive",
"insert_interactive_at_cursor", "insert_markup" and "set_text" are
optional.
• Perl reimplementations of "Gtk3::TextBuffer::insert_with_tags" and
"insert_with_tags_by_name" are provided which do not require a
"length" argument.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::TreeModel::get" is provided.
• A redirect is added from "Gtk3::TreeModelFilter::new" to
<Gtk3::TreeModel::filter_new> so that Gtk3::TreeModelFilter objects
can be constructed normally.
• Gtk3::TreeModelFilter has a "get" method that calls
"Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of "Glib::Object::get".
• Prior to gtk+ 3.24.14, a redirect is added from
"Gtk3::TreeModelSort::new_with_model" to
<Gtk3::TreeModel::sort_new_with_model> so that Gtk3::TreeModelSort
objects can be constructed normally.
• Gtk3::TreeModelSort has a "get" method that calls
"Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of "Glib::Object::get".
• "Gtk3::TreePath::new" redirects to "new_from_string" if an
additional argument is given.
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::TreePath::new_from_indices" is
provided.
• "Gtk3::TreeStore::new" also accepts a list of type names.
• Gtk3::TreeStore has a "get" method that calls
"Gtk3::TreeModel::get" instead of "Glib::Object::get".
• "Gtk3::TreeStore::insert_with_values" also accepts a list of
"column => value" pairs.
• "Gtk3::TreeStore::set" also accepts a list of "column => value"
pairs.
• "Gtk3::TreeView::new" redirects to "new_with_model" if an
additional argument is given.
• A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreeView::insert_column_with_attributes" is provided.
• A Perl reimplementation of
"Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::new_with_attributes" is provided.
• Perl reimplementations of "Gtk3::TreeViewColumn::set_attributes"
and "Gtk3::CellLayout::set_attributes" are provided.
• "Gtk3::UIManager::add_ui_from_string" takes no "length" argument.
• "Gtk3::VBox::new" uses the defaults homogeneous = FALSE and spacing
= 5.
• "Gtk3::Widget::add_events" and "Gtk3::Widget::set_events" also
accept strings, array references and "Gtk3::Gdk::EventMask" objects
for the "events" parameter.
• "Gtk3::Widget::get_events" returns a "Gtk3::Gdk::EventMask" object
that can also be compared to numeric values with "==" and ">=".
• "Gtk3::Widget::find_style_property" and
"Gtk3::Widget::list_style_properties" are forwarded to the
corresponding functions in "Gtk3::WidgetClass".
• A Perl reimplementation of "Gtk3::Widget::style_get" is provided.
• "Gtk3::Window::new" uses the default type = 'toplevel'.
• A constructor "Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::new" is provided that can be called
as "Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA->new (r, g, b, a)".
• "Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::parse" can be called as a function returning a
new instance ("$rgba = Gtk3::Gdk::RGBA::parse ($spec)") or as a
method ("$rgba->parse ($spec)").
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Window::new" optionally computes the "attr_mask"
automatically from the given "attr".
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::get_pixels" returns a byte string.
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_data" is reimplemented in terms of
"new_from_bytes" (with gdk-pixbuf >= 2.32) or "new_from_inline"
(with gtk-pixbuf < 2.32) for correct memory management. No
"destroy_fn" and "destroy_fn_data" arguments are needed.
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_inline" does not take a "copy_pixels"
argument. It is always set to TRUE for correct memory management.
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::new_from_xpm_data" also accepts a list of XPM
lines.
• "Gtk3::Gdk::Pixbuf::save", "save_to_buffer" and "save_to_callback"
also accept "key => value" pairs and invoke the correct C function
as appropriate for the current gdk-pixbuf version.
• The "length" arguments of "Pango::Layout::set_text" and
"set_markup" are optional.
Perl compatibility
As of 5.20.0, perl does not automatically re-check the locale
environment for changes. If a function thus changes the locale behind
perl's back, problems might arise whenever numbers are formatted, for
example when checking versions. To ensure perl's assumption about the
locale are up-to-date, the functions "Gtk3::init", "init_check",
"init_with_args" and "parse_args" are amended to let perl know of any
changes.
Porting from Gtk2 to Gtk3
The majority of the API has not changed, so as a first approximation
you can run "s/Gtk2/Gtk3/" on your application. A big exception to
this rule is APIs that were deprecated in gtk+ 2.x -- these were all
removed from gtk+ 3.0 and thus from Gtk3. The migration guide at
<http://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/migrating.html> describes what
to use instead. Apart from this, here is a list of some other
incompatible differences between Gtk2 and Gtk3:
• The call syntax for class-static methods is now always
"Gtk3::Stock::lookup" instead of "Gtk3::Stock->lookup".
• The %Gtk2::Gdk::Keysyms hash is gone; instead of
"Gtk2::Gdk::Keysyms{XYZ}", use "Gtk3::Gdk::KEY_XYZ".
• The Gtk2::Pango compatibility wrapper was not carried over; simply
use the namespace "Pango" everywhere. It gets set up automatically
when loading Gtk3.
• The types Gtk3::Allocation and Gtk3::Gdk::Rectangle are now aliases
for Cairo::RectangleInt, and as such they are represented as plain
hashes with keys 'width', 'height', 'x' and 'y'.
• Gtk3::Editable: Callbacks connected to the "insert-text" signal do
not have as many options anymore as they had in Gtk2. Changes to
arguments will not be propagated to the next signal handler, and
only the updated position can and must be returned.
• Gtk3::Menu: In gtk+ < 3.16, the position callback passed to popup()
does not receive x and y parameters.
• Gtk3::RadioAction: The constructor now follows the C API.
• Gtk3::TreeModel: iter_next() is now a method that is modifying the
iter directly, instead of returning a new one. rows_reordered()
and the "rows-reordered" signal are currently unusable.
• Gtk3::TreeSelection: get_selected_rows() now returns two values: an
array ref containing the selected paths, and the model.
get_user_data() is not available currently.
• Gtk3::TreeSortable: get_sort_column_id() has an additional boolean
return value.
• Gtk3::TreeStore, Gtk3::ListStore: reorder() is currently unusable.
• Gtk3::Widget: grab_add() and grab_remove() are methods now:
"$widget->grab_add", "$widget->grab_remove".
• Gtk3::Gdk::Atom: The constructor new() is not provided anymore, and
the class function intern() must now be called as
"Gtk3::Gdk::Atom::intern (name, only_if_exists)".
• Implementations of Gtk3::TreeModel: Gtk3::TreeIter now has a
constructor called new() expecting "key => value" pairs;
new_from_arrayref() does not exist anymore. To access the contents
of Gtk3::TreeIter, use stamp(), user_data(), user_data2() and
user_data3(); to_arrayref() does not exist anymore. GET_ITER(),
ITER_CHILDREN(), ITER_NTH_CHILD() and ITER_PARENT() must return an
additional boolean value. ITER_NEXT() must modify the iter and
return a boolean rather than return a new iter. GET_VALUE() must
return the value wrapped with
"Glib::Object::Introspection::GValueWrapper->new".
• Implementations of Gtk3::CellLayout: GET_CELLS() now needs to
return an array ref instead of a list.
Note also that Gtk3::CHECK_VERSION will always fail when passed 2.y.z,
so if you have any existing version checks in your code, you will most
likely need to remove them.
SEE ALSO
• To discuss Gtk3 and ask questions join gtk-perl-list@gnome.org at
<http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/gtk-perl-list>.
• Also have a look at the gtk2-perl website and sourceforge project
page, <http://gtk2-perl.sourceforge.net>.
• Glib
• Glib::Object::Introspection
AUTHORS
Torsten Schönfeld <kaffeetisch@gmx.de>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2011-2015 by Torsten Schoenfeld <kaffeetisch@gmx.de>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
perl v5.36.0 2022-11-19 Gtk3(3pm)
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