TIFFCP(1) LibTIFF TIFFCP(1)
NAME
tiffcp - copy (and possibly convert) a TIFF file
SYNOPSIS
tiffcp [ options ] src1.tif … srcN.tif dst.tif
DESCRIPTION
tiffcp combines one or more files created according to the Tag Image
File Format, Revision 6.0 into a single TIFF file. Because the output
file may be compressed using a different algorithm than the input
files, tiffcp is most often used to convert between different compres-
sion schemes.
By default, tiffcp will copy all the understood tags in a TIFF direc-
tory of an input file to the associated directory in the output file.
tiffcp can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data in
a file, but it is explicitly intended to not alter or convert the image
data content in any way.
OPTIONS
-a Append to an existing output file instead of overwriting it.
-b image
subtract the following monochrome image from all others pro-
cessed. This can be used to remove a noise bias from a set of
images. This bias image is typically an image of noise the cam-
era saw with its shutter closed.
-B Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order. This op-
tion only has an effect when the output file is created or over-
written and not when it is appended to.
-C Suppress the use of "strip chopping" when reading images that
have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
-c Specify the compression to use for data written to the output
file: -c none for no compression, -c packbits for PackBits com-
pression, -c lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression, -c zip for
Deflate compression, -c lzma for LZMA2 compression, -c jpeg for
baseline JPEG compression, -c g3 for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) com-
pression, -c g4 for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression, or -c
sgilog for SGILOG compression.
By default tiffcp will compress data according to the value of
the Compression tag found in the source file.
The CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only be
used with bilevel data.
Group 3 compression can be specified together with several
T.4-specific options:
• 1d for 1-dimensional encoding,
• 2d for 2-dimensional encoding, and
• fill to force each encoded scanline to be zero-filled so that
the terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
Group 3-specific options are specified by appending a :-sepa-
rated list to the g3 option; e.g. -c g3:2d:fill to get 2D-en-
coded data with byte-aligned EOL codes.
LZW, Deflate and LZMA2 compression can be specified together
with a predictor value. A predictor value of 2 causes each scan-
line of the output image to undergo horizontal differencing be-
fore it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be en-
coded without differencing. A value 3 is for floating point pre-
dictor which you can use if the encoded data are in floating
point format. LZW-specific options are specified by appending a
:-separated list to the lzw option; e.g. -c lzw:2 for LZW com-
pression with horizontal differencing.
Deflate and LZMA2 encoders support various compression levels
(or encoder presets) set as character p and a preset number. p1
is the fastest one with the worst compression ratio and p9 is
the slowest but with the best possible ratio; e.g. -c zip:3:p9
for Deflate encoding with maximum compression level and floating
point predictor.
For the Deflate codec, and in a libtiff build with libdeflate
enabled, p12 is actually the maximum level.
For the Deflate codec, and in a libtiff build with libdeflate
enabled, s0 can be used to require zlib to be used, and s1 for
libdeflate (defaults to libdeflate when it is available).
-f fillorder
Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data. By
default, tiffcp will create a new file with the same fill order
as the original. Specifying -f lsb2msb will force data to be
written with the FillOrder tag set to LSB2MSB, while -f msb2lsb
will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to
MSB2LSB.
-i Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of the in-
put file.
-l Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).
tiffcp attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than
8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
-L Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order. This
option only has an effect when the output file is created or
overwritten and not when it is appended to.
-M Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading images.
-o offset
Set initial directory offset.
-p Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data
that has one 8-bit sample per pixel. By default, tiffcp will
create a new file with the same planar configuration as the
original. Specifying -p contig will force data to be written
with multi-sample data packed together, while -p separate will
force samples to be written in separate planes.
-r Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data
written to the output file. By default (or when value 0 is
specified), tiffcp attempts to set the rows/strip that no more
than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. If you specify spe-
cial value -1 it will results in infinite number of the rows per
strip. The entire image will be the one strip in that case.
-s Force the output file to be written with data organized in
strips (rather than tiles).
-t Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles
(rather than strips). options can be used to force the resultant
image to be written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.
-w Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). :program::tiffcp at-
tempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilo-
bytes of data appear in a tile.
-x Force the output file to be written with PAGENUMBER value in se-
quence.
-8 Write BigTIFF instead of classic TIFF format.
-,= character
substitute character for , in parsing image directory indices in
files. This is necessary if filenames contain commas. Note
that -,= with whitespace immediately following will disable the
special meaning of the , entirely. See examples.
-m size
Set maximum memory allocation size (in MiB). The default is
256MiB. Set to 0 to disable the limit.
EXAMPLES
The following concatenates two files and writes the result using LZW
encoding:
tiffcp -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
To convert a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip of G4-encoded data
the following might be used:
tiffcp -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in the
source file.)
To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image TIFF file, the
file name may be immediately followed by a , separated list of image
directory indices. The first image is always in directory 0. Thus, to
copy the 1st and 3rd images of image file album.tif to result.tif:
tiffcp album.tif,0,2 result.tif
A trailing comma denotes remaining images in sequence. The following
command will copy all image with except the first one:
tiffcp album.tif,1, result.tif
Given file CCD.tif whose first image is a noise bias followed by images
which include that bias, subtract the noise from all those images fol-
lowing it (while decompressing) with the command:
tiffcp -c none -b CCD.tif CCD.tif,1, result.tif
If the file above were named CCD,X.tif, the -,= option would be re-
quired to correctly parse this filename with image numbers, as follows:
tiffcp -c none -,=% -b CCD,X.tif CCD,X%1%.tif result.tif
SEE ALSO
pal2rgb (1), tiffinfo (1), tiff2cmp (1), tiffmedian (1), tiffsplit (1),
libtiff (3tiff)
AUTHOR
LibTIFF contributors
COPYRIGHT
1988-2023, LibTIFF contributors
4.5 Nov 23, 2023 TIFFCP(1)
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