rmid(1) Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Tools rmid(1)
NAME
rmid - Starts the activation system daemon that enables objects to be
registered and activated in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
SYNOPSIS
rmid [options]
options
The command-line options. See Options.
DESCRIPTION
The rmid command starts the activation system daemon. The activation
system daemon must be started before activatable objects can be either
registered with the activation system or activated in a JVM. For
details on how to write programs that use activatable objects, the
Using Activation tutorial at
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/rmi/activation/overview.html
Start the daemon by executing the rmid command and specifying a
security policy file, as follows:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy
When you run Oracle’s implementation of the rmid command, by default
you must specify a security policy file so that the rmid command can
verify whether or not the information in each ActivationGroupDesc is
allowed to be used to start a JVM for an activation group.
Specifically, the command and options specified by the
CommandEnvironment and any properties passed to an ActivationGroupDesc
constructor must now be explicitly allowed in the security policy file
for the rmid command. The value of the sun.rmi.activation.execPolicy
property dictates the policy that the rmid command uses to determine
whether or not the information in an ActivationGroupDesc can be used to
start a JVM for an activation group. For more information see the
description of the -J-Dsun.rmi.activation.execPolicy=policy option.
Executing the rmid command starts the Activator and an internal
registry on the default port1098 and binds an ActivationSystem to the
name java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem in this internal registry.
To specify an alternate port for the registry, you must specify the
-port option when you execute the rmid command. For example, the
following command starts the activation system daemon and a registry on
the registry's default port, 1099.
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy -port 1099
START RMID ON DEMAND
An alternative to starting rmid from the command line is to configure
inetd (Oracle Solaris) or xinetd (Linux) to start rmid on demand.
When RMID starts, it attempts to obtain an inherited channel (inherited
from inetd/xinetd) by calling the System.inheritedChannel method. If
the inherited channel is null or not an instance of
java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel, then RMID assumes that it was
not started by inetd/xinetd, and it starts as previously described.
If the inherited channel is a ServerSocketChannel instance, then RMID
uses the java.net.ServerSocket obtained from the ServerSocketChannel as
the server socket that accepts requests for the remote objects it
exports: The registry in which the java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem
is bound and the java.rmi.activation.Activator remote object. In this
mode, RMID behaves the same as when it is started from the command
line, except in the following cases:
• Output printed to System.err is redirected to a file. This file is
located in the directory specified by the java.io.tmpdir system
property (typically /var/tmp or /tmp) with the prefix rmid-err and
the suffix tmp.
• The -port option is not allowed. If this option is specified, then
RMID exits with an error message.
• The -log option is required. If this option is not specified, then
RMID exits with an error message
See the man pages for inetd (Oracle Solaris) or xinetd (Linux) for
details on how to configure services to be started on demand.
OPTIONS
-Coption
Specifies an option that is passed as a command-line argument to
each child process (activation group) of the rmid command when
that process is created. For example, you could pass a property
to each virtual machine spawned by the activation system daemon:
rmid -C-Dsome.property=value
This ability to pass command-line arguments to child processes
can be useful for debugging. For example, the following command
enables server-call logging in all child JVMs.
rmid -C-Djava.rmi.server.logCalls=true
-Joption
Specifies an option that is passed to the Java interpreter
running RMID. For example, to specify that the rmid command use
a policy file named rmid.policy, the -J option can be used to
define the java.security.policy property on the rmid command
line, for example:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy-rmid.policy
-J-Dsun.rmi.activation.execPolicy=policy
Specifies the policy that RMID employs to check commands and
command-line options used to start the JVM in which an
activation group runs. Please note that this option exists only
in Oracle's implementation of the Java RMI activation daemon. If
this property is not specified on the command line, then the
result is the same as though -J-
Dsun.rmi.activation.execPolicy=default were specified. The
possible values of policy can be default, policyClassName, or
none.
• default
The default or unspecified value execPolicy allows the rmid
command to execute commands with specific command-line options
only when the rmid command was granted permission to execute
those commands and options in the security policy file that
the rmid command uses. Only the default activation group
implementation can be used with the default execution policy.
The rmid command starts a JVM for an activation group with the
information in the group's registered activation group
descriptor, an ActivationGroupDesc. The group descriptor
specifies an optional ActivationGroupDesc.CommandEnvironment
that includes the command to execute to start the activation
group and any command-line options to be added to the command
line. By default, the rmid command uses the java command found
in java.home. The group descriptor also contains properties
overrides that are added to the command line as options
defined as: -D<property>=<value>.The
com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission permission grants the rmid
command permission to execute a command that is specified in
the group descriptor's CommandEnvironment to start an
activation group. The com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission
permission enables the rmid command to use command-line
options, specified as properties overrides in the group
descriptor or as options in the CommandEnvironment when
starting the activation group.When granting the rmid command
permission to execute various commands and options, the
permissions ExecPermission and ExecOptionPermission must be
granted to all code sources.
ExecPermission
The ExecPermission class represents permission for the rmid
command to execute a specific command to start an activation
group.
Syntax: The name of an ExecPermission is the path name of a
command to grant the rmid command permission to execute. A
path name that ends in a slash (/) and an asterisk (*)
indicates that all of the files contained in that directory
where slash is the file-separator character,
File.separatorChar. A path name that ends in a slash (/) and a
minus sign (-) indicates all files and subdirectories
contained in that directory (recursively). A path name that
consists of the special token <<ALL FILES>> matches any file.
A path name that consists of an asterisk (*) indicates all the
files in the current directory. A path name that consists of a
minus sign (-) indicates all the files in the current
directory and (recursively) all files and subdirectories
contained in the current directory.
ExecOptionPermission
The ExecOptionPermission class represents permission for the
rmid command to use a specific command-line option when
starting an activation group. The name of an
ExecOptionPermission is the value of a command-line option.
Syntax: Options support a limited wild card scheme. An
asterisk signifies a wild card match, and it can appear as the
option name itself (matches any option), or an asterisk (*)
can appear at the end of the option name only when the
asterisk (*) follows a dot (.) or an equals sign (=).
For example: * or -Dmydir.* or -Da.b.c=* is valid, but *mydir
or -Da*b or ab* is not.
Policy file for rmid
When you grant the rmid command permission to execute various
commands and options, the permissions ExecPermission and
ExecOptionPermission must be granted to all code sources
(universally). It is safe to grant these permissions
universally because only the rmid command checks these
permissions.
An example policy file that grants various execute permissions
to the rmid command is:
grant {
permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission
"/files/apps/java/jdk1.7.0/solaris/bin/java";
permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission
"/files/apps/rmidcmds/*";
permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission
"-Djava.security.policy=/files/policies/group.policy";
permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission
"-Djava.security.debug=*";
permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission
"-Dsun.rmi.*";
};
The first permission granted allows the rmid tcommand o
execute the 1.7.0 release of the java command, specified by
its explicit path name. By default, the version of the java
command found in java.home is used (the same one that the rmid
command uses), and does not need to be specified in the policy
file. The second permission allows the rmid command to execute
any command in the directory /files/apps/rmidcmds.
The third permission granted, an ExecOptionPermission, allows
the rmid command to start an activation group that defines the
security policy file to be /files/policies/group.policy. The
next permission allows the java.security.debug property to be
used by an activation group. The last permission allows any
property in the sun.rmi property name hierarchy to be used by
activation groups.
To start the rmid command with a policy file, the
java.security.policy property needs to be specified on the
rmid command line, for example:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy.
• <policyClassName>
If the default behavior is not flexible enough, then an
administrator can provide, when starting the rmid command, the
name of a class whose checkExecCommand method is executed to
check commands to be executed by the rmid command.
The policyClassName specifies a public class with a public,
no-argument constructor and an implementation of the following
checkExecCommand method:
public void checkExecCommand(ActivationGroupDesc desc, String[] command)
throws SecurityException;
Before starting an activation group, the rmid command calls
the policy's checkExecCommand method and passes to it the
activation group descriptor and an array that contains the
complete command to start the activation group. If the
checkExecCommand throws a SecurityException, then the rmid
command does not start the activation group and an
ActivationException is thrown to the caller attempting to
activate the object.
• none
If the sun.rmi.activation.execPolicy property value is none,
then the rmid command does not perform any validation of
commands to start activation groups.
-log dir
Specifies the name of the directory the activation system daemon
uses to write its database and associated information. The log
directory defaults to creating a log, in the directory in which
the rmid command was executed.
-port port
Specifies the port the registry uses. The activation system
daemon binds the ActivationSystem, with the name
java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem, in this registry. The
ActivationSystem on the local machine can be obtained using the
following Naming.lookup method call:
import java.rmi.*;
import java.rmi.activation.*;
ActivationSystem system; system = (ActivationSystem)
Naming.lookup("//:port/java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem");
-stop
Stops the current invocation of the rmid command for a port
specified by the -port option. If no port is specified, then
this option stops the rmid invocation running on port 1098.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
CLASSPATH
Used to provide the system a path to user-defined classes.
Directories are separated by colons, for example:
.:/usr/local/java/classes.
SEE ALSO
• java(1)
• Setting the Class Path
JDK 8 21 November 2013 rmid(1)
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