NPM-AUDIT(1) General Commands Manual NPM-AUDIT(1)
NAME
npm-audit
Synopsis
<!-- AUTOGENERATED USAGE DESCRIPTIONS -->
Description
The audit command submits a description of the dependencies configured
in
your project to your default registry and asks for a report of known
vulnerabilities. If any vulnerabilities are found, then the impact and
appropriate remediation will be calculated. If the fix argument is
provided, then remediations will be applied to the package tree.
The command will exit with a 0 exit code if no vulnerabilities were
found.
Note that some vulnerabilities cannot be fixed automatically and will
require manual intervention or review. Also note that since npm audit
fix runs a full-fledged npm install under the hood, all configs that
apply to the installer will also apply to npm install -- so things like
npm audit fix --package-lock-only will work as expected.
By default, the audit command will exit with a non-zero code if any
vulnerability is found. It may be useful in CI environments to include
the
--audit-level parameter to specify the minimum vulnerability level that
will cause the command to fail. This option does not filter the report
output, it simply changes the command's failure threshold.
Audit Signatures
To ensure the integrity of packages you download from the public npm
registry, or any registry that supports signatures, you can verify the
registry signatures of downloaded packages using the npm CLI.
Registry signatures can be verified using the following audit command:
$ npm audit signatures
The npm CLI supports registry signatures and signing keys provided by
any registry if the following conventions are followed:
• Signatures are provided in the package's packument in each published
version within the dist object:
"dist":{
"..omitted..": "..omitted..",
"signatures": [{
"keyid": "SHA256:{{SHA256_PUBLIC_KEY}}",
"sig": "a312b9c3cb4a1b693e8ebac5ee1ca9cc01f2661c14391917dcb111517f72370809..."
}]
}
See this example of a signed package from the public npm registry.
The sig is generated using the following template: ${pack-
age.name}@${package.version}:${package.dist.integrity} and the keyid
has to match one of the public signing keys below.
• Public signing keys are provided at registry-host.tld/-/npm/v1/keys
in the following format:
{
"keys": [{
"expires": null,
"keyid": "SHA256:{{SHA256_PUBLIC_KEY}}",
"keytype": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
"scheme": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
"key": "{{B64_PUBLIC_KEY}}"
}]
}
Keys response:
• expires: null or a simplified extended <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" target="_blank">ISO
8601 format</a>: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ
• keydid: sha256 fingerprint of the public key
• keytype: only ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 is currently supported by the npm
CLI
• scheme: only ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 is currently supported by the npm
CLI
• key: base64 encoded public key
See this <a href="https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/keys" tar-
get="_blank">example key's response from the public npm registry</a>.
Audit Endpoints
There are two audit endpoints that npm may use to fetch vulnerability
information: the Bulk Advisory endpoint and the Quick Audit endpoint.
Bulk Advisory Endpoint
As of version 7, npm uses the much faster Bulk Advisory endpoint to
optimize the speed of calculating audit results.
npm will generate a JSON payload with the name and list of versions of
each
package in the tree, and POST it to the default configured registry at
the path /-/npm/v1/security/advisories/bulk.
Any packages in the tree that do not have a version field in their
package.json file will be ignored. If any --omit options are specified
(either via the --omit config, or one of the
shorthands such as --production, --only=dev, and so on), then packages
will
be omitted from the submitted payload as appropriate.
If the registry responds with an error, or with an invalid response,
then
npm will attempt to load advisory data from the Quick Audit endpoint.
The expected result will contain a set of advisory objects for each
dependency that matches the advisory range. Each advisory object con-
tains
a name, url, id, severity, vulnerable_versions, and title.
npm then uses these advisory objects to calculate vulnerabilities and
meta-vulnerabilities of the dependencies within the tree.
Quick Audit Endpoint
If the Bulk Advisory endpoint returns an error, or invalid data, npm
will
attempt to load advisory data from the Quick Audit endpoint, which is
considerably slower in most cases.
The full package tree as found in package-lock.json is submitted, along
with the following pieces of additional metadata:
• npm_version
• node_version
• platform
• arch
• node_env
All packages in the tree are submitted to the Quick Audit endpoint.
Omitted dependency types are skipped when generating the report.
Scrubbing
Out of an abundance of caution, npm versions 5 and 6 would "scrub" any
packages from the submitted report if their name contained a / charac-
ter,
so as to avoid leaking the names of potentially private packages or git
URLs.
However, in practice, this resulted in audits often failing to properly
detect meta-vulnerabilities, because the tree would appear to be in-
valid
due to missing dependencies, and prevented the detection of vulnerabil-
ities
in package trees that used git dependencies or private modules.
This scrubbing has been removed from npm as of version 7.
Calculating Meta-Vulnerabilities and Remediations
npm uses the
@npmcli/metavuln-calculator
module to turn a set of security advisories into a set of "vulnerabil-
ity"
objects. A "meta-vulnerability" is a dependency that is vulnerable by
virtue of dependence on vulnerable versions of a vulnerable package.
For example, if the package foo is vulnerable in the range >=1.0.2
<2.0.0, and the package bar depends on foo@^1.1.0, then that version
of bar can only be installed by installing a vulnerable version of foo.
In this case, bar is a "metavulnerability".
Once metavulnerabilities for a given package are calculated, they are
cached in the ~/.npm folder and only re-evaluated if the advisory range
changes, or a new version of the package is published (in which case,
the
new version is checked for metavulnerable status as well).
If the chain of metavulnerabilities extends all the way to the root
project, and it cannot be updated without changing its dependency
ranges,
then npm audit fix will require the --force option to apply the
remediation. If remediations do not require changes to the dependency
ranges, then all vulnerable packages will be updated to a version that
does
not have an advisory or metavulnerability posted against it.
Exit Code
The npm audit command will exit with a 0 exit code if no vulnerabili-
ties
were found. The npm audit fix command will exit with 0 exit code if no
vulnerabilities are found or if the remediation is able to successfully
fix all vulnerabilities.
If vulnerabilities were found the exit code will depend on the
audit-level config.
Examples
Scan your project for vulnerabilities and automatically install any
compatible
updates to vulnerable dependencies:
$ npm audit fix
Run audit fix without modifying node_modules, but still updating the
pkglock:
$ npm audit fix --package-lock-only
Skip updating devDependencies:
$ npm audit fix --only=prod
Have audit fix install SemVer-major updates to toplevel dependencies,
not
just SemVer-compatible ones:
$ npm audit fix --force
Do a dry run to get an idea of what audit fix will do, and also output
install information in JSON format:
$ npm audit fix --dry-run --json
Scan your project for vulnerabilities and just show the details, with-
out
fixing anything:
$ npm audit
Get the detailed audit report in JSON format:
$ npm audit --json
Fail an audit only if the results include a vulnerability with a level
of moderate or higher:
$ npm audit --audit-level=moderate
Configuration
<!-- AUTOGENERATED CONFIG DESCRIPTIONS -->
See Also
• npm install
• config
9.2.0 December 2022 NPM-AUDIT(1)
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