LIT(1) LLVM LIT(1)
NAME
lit - LLVM Integrated Tester
SYNOPSIS
lit [options] [tests]
DESCRIPTION
lit is a portable tool for executing LLVM and Clang style test suites,
summarizing their results, and providing indication of failures. lit
is designed to be a lightweight testing tool with as simple a user in-
terface as possible.
lit should be run with one or more tests to run specified on the com-
mand line. Tests can be either individual test files or directories to
search for tests (see TEST DISCOVERY).
Each specified test will be executed (potentially concurrently) and
once all tests have been run lit will print summary information on the
number of tests which passed or failed (see TEST STATUS RESULTS). The
lit program will execute with a non-zero exit code if any tests fail.
By default lit will use a succinct progress display and will only print
summary information for test failures. See OUTPUT OPTIONS for options
controlling the lit progress display and output.
lit also includes a number of options for controlling how tests are ex-
ecuted (specific features may depend on the particular test format).
See EXECUTION OPTIONS for more information.
Finally, lit also supports additional options for only running a subset
of the options specified on the command line, see SELECTION OPTIONS for
more information.
lit parses options from the environment variable LIT_OPTS after parsing
options from the command line. LIT_OPTS is primarily useful for sup-
plementing or overriding the command-line options supplied to lit by
check targets defined by a project’s build system.
lit can also read options from response files which are specified as
inputs using the @path/to/file.rsp syntax. Arguments read from a file
must be one per line and are treated as if they were in the same place
as the original file referencing argument on the command line. A re-
sponse file can reference other response files.
Users interested in the lit architecture or designing a lit testing im-
plementation should see LIT INFRASTRUCTURE.
GENERAL OPTIONS
-h, --help
Show the lit help message.
-j N, --workers=N
Run N tests in parallel. By default, this is automatically cho-
sen to match the number of detected available CPUs.
--config-prefix=NAME
Search for NAME.cfg and NAME.site.cfg when searching for test
suites, instead of lit.cfg and lit.site.cfg.
-D NAME[=VALUE], --param NAME[=VALUE]
Add a user defined parameter NAME with the given VALUE (or the
empty string if not given). The meaning and use of these param-
eters is test suite dependent.
OUTPUT OPTIONS
-q, --quiet
Suppress any output except for test failures.
-s, --succinct
Show less output, for example don’t show information on tests
that pass. Also show a progress bar, unless --no-progress-bar
is specified.
-v, --verbose
Show more information on test failures, for example the entire
test output instead of just the test result.
-vv, --echo-all-commands
Echo all commands to stdout, as they are being executed. This
can be valuable for debugging test failures, as the last echoed
command will be the one which has failed. lit normally inserts
a no-op command (: in the case of bash) with argument 'RUN: at
line N' before each command pipeline, and this option also
causes those no-op commands to be echoed to stdout to help you
locate the source line of the failed command. This option im-
plies --verbose.
-a, --show-all
Show more information about all tests, for example the entire
test commandline and output.
--no-progress-bar
Do not use curses based progress bar.
--show-unsupported
Show the names of unsupported tests.
--show-xfail
Show the names of tests that were expected to fail.
EXECUTION OPTIONS
--path=PATH
Specify an additional PATH to use when searching for executables
in tests.
--vg Run individual tests under valgrind (using the memcheck tool).
The --error-exitcode argument for valgrind is used so that val-
grind failures will cause the program to exit with a non-zero
status.
When this option is enabled, lit will also automatically provide
a “valgrind” feature that can be used to conditionally disable
(or expect failure in) certain tests.
--vg-arg=ARG
When --vg is used, specify an additional argument to pass to
valgrind itself.
--vg-leak
When --vg is used, enable memory leak checks. When this option
is enabled, lit will also automatically provide a “vg_leak” fea-
ture that can be used to conditionally disable (or expect fail-
ure in) certain tests.
--time-tests
Track the wall time individual tests take to execute and in-
cludes the results in the summary output. This is useful for
determining which tests in a test suite take the most time to
execute.
--ignore-fail
Exit with status zero even if some tests fail.
--no-indirectly-run-check
Do not error if a test would not be run if the user had speci-
fied the containing directory instead of naming the test di-
rectly.
SELECTION OPTIONS
By default, lit will run failing tests first, then run tests in de-
scending execution time order to optimize concurrency. The execution
order can be changed using the --order option.
The timing data is stored in the test_exec_root in a file named
.lit_test_times.txt. If this file does not exist, then lit checks the
test_source_root for the file to optionally accelerate clean builds.
--shuffle
Run the tests in a random order, not failing/slowest first. Dep-
recated, use --order instead.
--max-failures N
Stop execution after the given number N of failures. An integer
argument should be passed on the command line prior to execu-
tion.
--max-tests=N
Run at most N tests and then terminate.
--max-time=N
Spend at most N seconds (approximately) running tests and then
terminate. Note that this is not an alias for --timeout; the
two are different kinds of maximums.
--num-shards=M
Divide the set of selected tests into M equal-sized subsets or
“shards”, and run only one of them. Must be used with the
--run-shard=N option, which selects the shard to run. The envi-
ronment variable LIT_NUM_SHARDS can also be used in place of
this option. These two options provide a coarse mechanism for
partitioning large testsuites, for parallel execution on sepa-
rate machines (say in a large testing farm).
--order={lexical,random,smart}
Define the order in which tests are run. The supported values
are:
• lexical - tests will be run in lexical order according to the
test file path. This option is useful when predictable test
order is desired.
• random - tests will be run in random order.
• smart - tests that failed previously will be run first, then
the remaining tests, all in descending execution time order.
This is the default as it optimizes concurrency.
--run-shard=N
Select which shard to run, assuming the --num-shards=M option
was provided. The two options must be used together, and the
value of N must be in the range 1..M. The environment variable
LIT_RUN_SHARD can also be used in place of this option.
--timeout=N
Spend at most N seconds (approximately) running each individual
test. 0 means no time limit, and 0 is the default. Note that
this is not an alias for --max-time; the two are different kinds
of maximums.
--filter=REGEXP
Run only those tests whose name matches the regular expression
specified in REGEXP. The environment variable LIT_FILTER can be
also used in place of this option, which is especially useful in
environments where the call to lit is issued indirectly.
--filter-out=REGEXP
Filter out those tests whose name matches the regular expression
specified in REGEXP. The environment variable LIT_FILTER_OUT can
be also used in place of this option, which is especially useful
in environments where the call to lit is issued indirectly.
--xfail=LIST
Treat those tests whose name is in the semicolon separated list
LIST as XFAIL. This can be helpful when one does not want to
modify the test suite. The environment variable LIT_XFAIL can be
also used in place of this option, which is especially useful in
environments where the call to lit is issued indirectly.
A test name can specified as a file name relative to the test
suite directory. For example:
LIT_XFAIL="affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c;offloading/memory_manager.cpp"
In this case, all of the following tests are treated as XFAIL:
libomp :: affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c
libomptarget :: nvptx64-nvidia-cuda :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp
libomptarget :: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp
Alternatively, a test name can be specified as the full test
name reported in LIT output. For example, we can adjust the
previous example not to treat the nvptx64-nvidia-cuda version of
offloading/memory_manager.cpp as XFAIL:
LIT_XFAIL="affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c;libomptarget :: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp"
--xfail-not=LIST
Do not treat the specified tests as XFAIL. The environment
variable LIT_XFAIL_NOT can also be used in place of this option.
The syntax is the same as for --xfail and LIT_XFAIL.
--xfail-not and LIT_XFAIL_NOT always override all other XFAIL
specifications, including an --xfail appearing later on the com-
mand line. The primary purpose is to suppress an XPASS result
without modifying a test case that uses the XFAIL directive.
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
--debug
Run lit in debug mode, for debugging configuration issues and
lit itself.
--show-suites
List the discovered test suites and exit.
--show-tests
List all of the discovered tests and exit.
EXIT STATUS
lit will exit with an exit code of 1 if there are any FAIL or XPASS re-
sults. Otherwise, it will exit with the status 0. Other exit codes
are used for non-test related failures (for example a user error or an
internal program error).
TEST DISCOVERY
The inputs passed to lit can be either individual tests, or entire di-
rectories or hierarchies of tests to run. When lit starts up, the
first thing it does is convert the inputs into a complete list of tests
to run as part of test discovery.
In the lit model, every test must exist inside some test suite. lit
resolves the inputs specified on the command line to test suites by
searching upwards from the input path until it finds a lit.cfg or
lit.site.cfg file. These files serve as both a marker of test suites
and as configuration files which lit loads in order to understand how
to find and run the tests inside the test suite.
Once lit has mapped the inputs into test suites it traverses the list
of inputs adding tests for individual files and recursively searching
for tests in directories.
This behavior makes it easy to specify a subset of tests to run, while
still allowing the test suite configuration to control exactly how
tests are interpreted. In addition, lit always identifies tests by the
test suite they are in, and their relative path inside the test suite.
For appropriately configured projects, this allows lit to provide con-
venient and flexible support for out-of-tree builds.
TEST STATUS RESULTS
Each test ultimately produces one of the following eight results:
PASS
The test succeeded.
FLAKYPASS
The test succeeded after being re-run more than once. This only ap-
plies to tests containing an ALLOW_RETRIES: annotation.
XFAIL
The test failed, but that is expected. This is used for test for-
mats which allow specifying that a test does not currently work, but
wish to leave it in the test suite.
XPASS
The test succeeded, but it was expected to fail. This is used for
tests which were specified as expected to fail, but are now succeed-
ing (generally because the feature they test was broken and has been
fixed).
FAIL
The test failed.
UNRESOLVED
The test result could not be determined. For example, this occurs
when the test could not be run, the test itself is invalid, or the
test was interrupted.
UNSUPPORTED
The test is not supported in this environment. This is used by test
formats which can report unsupported tests.
TIMEOUT
The test was run, but it timed out before it was able to complete.
This is considered a failure.
Depending on the test format tests may produce additional information
about their status (generally only for failures). See the OUTPUT OP-
TIONS section for more information.
LIT INFRASTRUCTURE
This section describes the lit testing architecture for users inter-
ested in creating a new lit testing implementation, or extending an ex-
isting one.
lit proper is primarily an infrastructure for discovering and running
arbitrary tests, and to expose a single convenient interface to these
tests. lit itself doesn’t know how to run tests, rather this logic is
defined by test suites.
TEST SUITES
As described in TEST DISCOVERY, tests are always located inside a test
suite. Test suites serve to define the format of the tests they con-
tain, the logic for finding those tests, and any additional information
to run the tests.
lit identifies test suites as directories containing lit.cfg or
lit.site.cfg files (see also --config-prefix). Test suites are ini-
tially discovered by recursively searching up the directory hierarchy
for all the input files passed on the command line. You can use
--show-suites to display the discovered test suites at startup.
Once a test suite is discovered, its config file is loaded. Config
files themselves are Python modules which will be executed. When the
config file is executed, two important global variables are predefined:
lit_config
The global lit configuration object (a LitConfig instance), which
defines the builtin test formats, global configuration parameters,
and other helper routines for implementing test configurations.
config
This is the config object (a TestingConfig instance) for the test
suite, which the config file is expected to populate. The following
variables are also available on the config object, some of which
must be set by the config and others are optional or predefined:
name [required] The name of the test suite, for use in reports and
diagnostics.
test_format [required] The test format object which will be used to
discover and run tests in the test suite. Generally this will be a
builtin test format available from the lit.formats module.
test_source_root The filesystem path to the test suite root. For
out-of-dir builds this is the directory that will be scanned for
tests.
test_exec_root For out-of-dir builds, the path to the test suite
root inside the object directory. This is where tests will be run
and temporary output files placed.
environment A dictionary representing the environment to use when
executing tests in the suite.
standalone_tests When true, mark a directory with tests expected to
be run standalone. Test discovery is disabled for that directory and
–no-indirectly-run-check is in effect. lit.suffixes and lit.excludes
must be empty when this variable is true.
suffixes For lit test formats which scan directories for tests, this
variable is a list of suffixes to identify test files. Used by:
ShTest.
substitutions For lit test formats which substitute variables into a
test script, the list of substitutions to perform. Used by: ShTest.
unsupported Mark an unsupported directory, all tests within it will
be reported as unsupported. Used by: ShTest.
parent The parent configuration, this is the config object for the
directory containing the test suite, or None.
root The root configuration. This is the top-most lit configuration
in the project.
pipefail Normally a test using a shell pipe fails if any of the com-
mands on the pipe fail. If this is not desired, setting this vari-
able to false makes the test fail only if the last command in the
pipe fails.
available_features A set of features that can be used in XFAIL, RE-
QUIRES, and UNSUPPORTED directives.
TEST DISCOVERY
Once test suites are located, lit recursively traverses the source di-
rectory (following test_source_root) looking for tests. When lit en-
ters a sub-directory, it first checks to see if a nested test suite is
defined in that directory. If so, it loads that test suite recur-
sively, otherwise it instantiates a local test config for the directory
(see LOCAL CONFIGURATION FILES).
Tests are identified by the test suite they are contained within, and
the relative path inside that suite. Note that the relative path may
not refer to an actual file on disk; some test formats (such as
GoogleTest) define “virtual tests” which have a path that contains both
the path to the actual test file and a subpath to identify the virtual
test.
LOCAL CONFIGURATION FILES
When lit loads a subdirectory in a test suite, it instantiates a local
test configuration by cloning the configuration for the parent direc-
tory — the root of this configuration chain will always be a test
suite. Once the test configuration is cloned lit checks for a lit.lo-
cal.cfg file in the subdirectory. If present, this file will be loaded
and can be used to specialize the configuration for each individual di-
rectory. This facility can be used to define subdirectories of op-
tional tests, or to change other configuration parameters — for exam-
ple, to change the test format, or the suffixes which identify test
files.
SUBSTITUTIONS
lit allows patterns to be substituted inside RUN commands. It also pro-
vides the following base set of substitutions, which are defined in
TestRunner.py:
┌────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
│Macro │ Substitution │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%s │ source path (path to the │
│ │ file currently being run) │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%S │ source dir (directory of │
│ │ the file currently being │
│ │ run) │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%p │ same as %S │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{pathsep} │ path separator │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-src-root} │ root component of file │
│ │ system paths pointing to │
│ │ the LLVM checkout │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-tmp-root} │ root component of file │
│ │ system paths pointing to │
│ │ the test’s temporary di- │
│ │ rectory │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-sep} │ file system path separator │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%t │ temporary file name unique │
│ │ to the test │
└────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
│%basename_t │ The last path component of │
│ │ %t but without the .tmp │
│ │ extension │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%T │ parent directory of %t │
│ │ (not unique, deprecated, │
│ │ do not use) │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%% │ % │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%/s │ %s but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%/S │ %S but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%/p │ %p but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%/t │ %t but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%/T │ %T but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{/s:regex_replacement} │ %/s but escaped for use in │
│ │ the replacement of a s@@@ │
│ │ command in sed │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{/S:regex_replacement} │ %/S but escaped for use in │
│ │ the replacement of a s@@@ │
│ │ command in sed │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{/p:regex_replacement} │ %/p but escaped for use in │
│ │ the replacement of a s@@@ │
│ │ command in sed │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{/t:regex_replacement} │ %/t but escaped for use in │
│ │ the replacement of a s@@@ │
│ │ command in sed │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%{/T:regex_replacement} │ %/T but escaped for use in │
│ │ the replacement of a s@@@ │
│ │ command in sed │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%:s │ On Windows, %/s but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %s │
│ │ but with a single leading │
│ │ / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%:S │ On Windows, %/S but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %S │
│ │ but with a single leading │
│ │ / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%:p │ On Windows, %/p but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %p │
│ │ but with a single leading │
│ │ / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│%:t │ On Windows, %/t but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %t │
│ │ but with a single leading │
│ │ / removed. │
└────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
│%:T │ On Windows, %/T but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %T │
│ │ but with a single leading │
│ │ / removed. │
└────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
Other substitutions are provided that are variations on this base set
and further substitution patterns can be defined by each test module.
See the modules LOCAL CONFIGURATION FILES.
More detailed information on substitutions can be found in the LLVM
Testing Infrastructure Guide.
TEST RUN OUTPUT FORMAT
The lit output for a test run conforms to the following schema, in both
short and verbose modes (although in short mode no PASS lines will be
shown). This schema has been chosen to be relatively easy to reliably
parse by a machine (for example in buildbot log scraping), and for
other tools to generate.
Each test result is expected to appear on a line that matches:
<result code>: <test name> (<progress info>)
where <result-code> is a standard test result such as PASS, FAIL,
XFAIL, XPASS, UNRESOLVED, or UNSUPPORTED. The performance result codes
of IMPROVED and REGRESSED are also allowed.
The <test name> field can consist of an arbitrary string containing no
newline.
The <progress info> field can be used to report progress information
such as (1/300) or can be empty, but even when empty the parentheses
are required.
Each test result may include additional (multiline) log information in
the following format:
<log delineator> TEST '(<test name>)' <trailing delineator>
... log message ...
<log delineator>
where <test name> should be the name of a preceding reported test, <log
delineator> is a string of “*” characters at least four characters long
(the recommended length is 20), and <trailing delineator> is an arbi-
trary (unparsed) string.
The following is an example of a test run output which consists of four
tests A, B, C, and D, and a log message for the failing test C:
PASS: A (1 of 4)
PASS: B (2 of 4)
FAIL: C (3 of 4)
******************** TEST 'C' FAILED ********************
Test 'C' failed as a result of exit code 1.
********************
PASS: D (4 of 4)
LIT EXAMPLE TESTS
The lit distribution contains several example implementations of test
suites in the ExampleTests directory.
SEE ALSO
valgrind(1)
AUTHOR
Maintained by the LLVM Team (https://llvm.org/).
COPYRIGHT
2003-2023, LLVM Project
15 2023-10-16 LIT(1)
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