KADMIN(1) MIT Kerberos KADMIN(1)
NAME
kadmin - Kerberos V5 database administration program
SYNOPSIS
kadmin [-O|-N] [-r realm] [-p principal] [-q query] [[-c
cache_name]|[-k [-t keytab]]|-n] [-w password] [-s admin_server[:port]]
[command args...]
kadmin.local [-r realm] [-p principal] [-q query] [-d dbname] [-e
enc:salt ...] [-m] [-x db_args] [command args...]
DESCRIPTION
kadmin and kadmin.local are command-line interfaces to the Kerberos V5
administration system. They provide nearly identical functionalities;
the difference is that kadmin.local directly accesses the KDC database,
while kadmin performs operations using kadmind(8). Except as explic-
itly noted otherwise, this man page will use "kadmin" to refer to both
versions. kadmin provides for the maintenance of Kerberos principals,
password policies, and service key tables (keytabs).
The remote kadmin client uses Kerberos to authenticate to kadmind using
the service principal kadmin/admin or kadmin/ADMINHOST (where ADMINHOST
is the fully-qualified hostname of the admin server). If the creden-
tials cache contains a ticket for one of these principals, and the -c
credentials_cache option is specified, that ticket is used to authenti-
cate to kadmind. Otherwise, the -p and -k options are used to specify
the client Kerberos principal name used to authenticate. Once kadmin
has determined the principal name, it requests a service ticket from
the KDC, and uses that service ticket to authenticate to kadmind.
Since kadmin.local directly accesses the KDC database, it usually must
be run directly on the primary KDC with sufficient permissions to read
the KDC database. If the KDC database uses the LDAP database module,
kadmin.local can be run on any host which can access the LDAP server.
OPTIONS
-r realm
Use realm as the default database realm.
-p principal
Use principal to authenticate. Otherwise, kadmin will append
/admin to the primary principal name of the default ccache, the
value of the USER environment variable, or the username as ob-
tained with getpwuid, in order of preference.
-k Use a keytab to decrypt the KDC response instead of prompting
for a password. In this case, the default principal will be
host/hostname. If there is no keytab specified with the -t op-
tion, then the default keytab will be used.
-t keytab
Use keytab to decrypt the KDC response. This can only be used
with the -k option.
-n Requests anonymous processing. Two types of anonymous princi-
pals are supported. For fully anonymous Kerberos, configure
PKINIT on the KDC and configure pkinit_anchors in the client's
krb5.conf(5). Then use the -n option with a principal of the
form @REALM (an empty principal name followed by the at-sign and
a realm name). If permitted by the KDC, an anonymous ticket
will be returned. A second form of anonymous tickets is sup-
ported; these realm-exposed tickets hide the identity of the
client but not the client's realm. For this mode, use kinit -n
with a normal principal name. If supported by the KDC, the
principal (but not realm) will be replaced by the anonymous
principal. As of release 1.8, the MIT Kerberos KDC only sup-
ports fully anonymous operation.
-c credentials_cache
Use credentials_cache as the credentials cache. The cache
should contain a service ticket for the kadmin/admin or kad-
min/ADMINHOST (where ADMINHOST is the fully-qualified hostname
of the admin server) service; it can be acquired with the
kinit(1) program. If this option is not specified, kadmin re-
quests a new service ticket from the KDC, and stores it in its
own temporary ccache.
-w password
Use password instead of prompting for one. Use this option with
care, as it may expose the password to other users on the system
via the process list.
-q query
Perform the specified query and then exit.
-d dbname
Specifies the name of the KDC database. This option does not
apply to the LDAP database module.
-s admin_server[:port]
Specifies the admin server which kadmin should contact.
-m If using kadmin.local, prompt for the database master password
instead of reading it from a stash file.
-e "enc:salt ..."
Sets the keysalt list to be used for any new keys created. See
Keysalt_lists in kdc.conf(5) for a list of possible values.
-O Force use of old AUTH_GSSAPI authentication flavor.
-N Prevent fallback to AUTH_GSSAPI authentication flavor.
-x db_args
Specifies the database specific arguments. See the next section
for supported options.
Starting with release 1.14, if any command-line arguments remain after
the options, they will be treated as a single query to be executed.
This mode of operation is intended for scripts and behaves differently
from the interactive mode in several respects:
• Query arguments are split by the shell, not by kadmin.
• Informational and warning messages are suppressed. Error messages
and query output (e.g. for get_principal) will still be displayed.
• Confirmation prompts are disabled (as if -force was given). Password
prompts will still be issued as required.
• The exit status will be non-zero if the query fails.
The -q option does not carry these behavior differences; the query will
be processed as if it was entered interactively. The -q option cannot
be used in combination with a query in the remaining arguments.
DATABASE OPTIONS
Database options can be used to override database-specific defaults.
Supported options for the DB2 module are:
-x dbname=*filename*
Specifies the base filename of the DB2 database.
-x lockiter
Make iteration operations hold the lock for the duration of
the entire operation, rather than temporarily releasing the
lock while handling each principal. This is the default be-
havior, but this option exists to allow command line override
of a [dbmodules] setting. First introduced in release 1.13.
-x unlockiter
Make iteration operations unlock the database for each prin-
cipal, instead of holding the lock for the duration of the
entire operation. First introduced in release 1.13.
Supported options for the LDAP module are:
-x host=ldapuri
Specifies the LDAP server to connect to by a LDAP URI.
-x binddn=bind_dn
Specifies the DN used to bind to the LDAP server.
-x bindpwd=password
Specifies the password or SASL secret used to bind to the
LDAP server. Using this option may expose the password to
other users on the system via the process list; to avoid
this, instead stash the password using the stashsrvpw command
of kdb5_ldap_util(8).
-x sasl_mech=mechanism
Specifies the SASL mechanism used to bind to the LDAP server.
The bind DN is ignored if a SASL mechanism is used. New in
release 1.13.
-x sasl_authcid=name
Specifies the authentication name used when binding to the
LDAP server with a SASL mechanism, if the mechanism requires
one. New in release 1.13.
-x sasl_authzid=name
Specifies the authorization name used when binding to the
LDAP server with a SASL mechanism. New in release 1.13.
-x sasl_realm=realm
Specifies the realm used when binding to the LDAP server with
a SASL mechanism, if the mechanism uses one. New in release
1.13.
-x debug=level
sets the OpenLDAP client library debug level. level is an
integer to be interpreted by the library. Debugging messages
are printed to standard error. New in release 1.12.
COMMANDS
When using the remote client, available commands may be restricted ac-
cording to the privileges specified in the kadm5.acl(5) file on the ad-
min server.
add_principal
add_principal [options] newprinc
Creates the principal newprinc, prompting twice for a password. If no
password policy is specified with the -policy option, and the policy
named default is assigned to the principal if it exists. However, cre-
ating a policy named default will not automatically assign this policy
to previously existing principals. This policy assignment can be sup-
pressed with the -clearpolicy option.
This command requires the add privilege.
Aliases: addprinc, ank
Options:
-expire expdate
(getdate string) The expiration date of the principal.
-pwexpire pwexpdate
(getdate string) The password expiration date.
-maxlife maxlife
(duration or getdate string) The maximum ticket life for the
principal.
-maxrenewlife maxrenewlife
(duration or getdate string) The maximum renewable life of tick-
ets for the principal.
-kvno kvno
The initial key version number.
-policy policy
The password policy used by this principal. If not specified,
the policy default is used if it exists (unless -clearpolicy is
specified).
-clearpolicy
Prevents any policy from being assigned when -policy is not
specified.
{-|+}allow_postdated
-allow_postdated prohibits this principal from obtaining post-
dated tickets. +allow_postdated clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_forwardable
-allow_forwardable prohibits this principal from obtaining for-
wardable tickets. +allow_forwardable clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_renewable
-allow_renewable prohibits this principal from obtaining renew-
able tickets. +allow_renewable clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_proxiable
-allow_proxiable prohibits this principal from obtaining proxi-
able tickets. +allow_proxiable clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_dup_skey
-allow_dup_skey disables user-to-user authentication for this
principal by prohibiting others from obtaining a service ticket
encrypted in this principal's TGT session key. +allow_dup_skey
clears this flag.
{-|+}requires_preauth
+requires_preauth requires this principal to preauthenticate be-
fore being allowed to kinit. -requires_preauth clears this
flag. When +requires_preauth is set on a service principal, the
KDC will only issue service tickets for that service principal
if the client's initial authentication was performed using
preauthentication.
{-|+}requires_hwauth
+requires_hwauth requires this principal to preauthenticate us-
ing a hardware device before being allowed to kinit. -re-
quires_hwauth clears this flag. When +requires_hwauth is set on
a service principal, the KDC will only issue service tickets for
that service principal if the client's initial authentication
was performed using a hardware device to preauthenticate.
{-|+}ok_as_delegate
+ok_as_delegate sets the okay as delegate flag on tickets issued
with this principal as the service. Clients may use this flag
as a hint that credentials should be delegated when authenticat-
ing to the service. -ok_as_delegate clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_svr
-allow_svr prohibits the issuance of service tickets for this
principal. In release 1.17 and later, user-to-user service
tickets are still allowed unless the -allow_dup_skey flag is
also set. +allow_svr clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_tgs_req
-allow_tgs_req specifies that a Ticket-Granting Service (TGS)
request for a service ticket for this principal is not permit-
ted. +allow_tgs_req clears this flag.
{-|+}allow_tix
-allow_tix forbids the issuance of any tickets for this princi-
pal. +allow_tix clears this flag.
{-|+}needchange
+needchange forces a password change on the next initial authen-
tication to this principal. -needchange clears this flag.
{-|+}password_changing_service
+password_changing_service marks this principal as a password
change service principal.
{-|+}ok_to_auth_as_delegate
+ok_to_auth_as_delegate allows this principal to acquire for-
wardable tickets to itself from arbitrary users, for use with
constrained delegation.
{-|+}no_auth_data_required
+no_auth_data_required prevents PAC or AD-SIGNEDPATH data from
being added to service tickets for the principal.
{-|+}lockdown_keys
+lockdown_keys prevents keys for this principal from leaving the
KDC via kadmind. The chpass and extract operations are denied
for a principal with this attribute. The chrand operation is
allowed, but will not return the new keys. The delete and re-
name operations are also denied if this attribute is set, in or-
der to prevent a malicious administrator from replacing princi-
pals like krbtgt/* or kadmin/* with new principals without the
attribute. This attribute can be set via the network protocol,
but can only be removed using kadmin.local.
-randkey
Sets the key of the principal to a random value.
-nokey Causes the principal to be created with no key. New in release
1.12.
-pw password
Sets the password of the principal to the specified string and
does not prompt for a password. Note: using this option in a
shell script may expose the password to other users on the sys-
tem via the process list.
-e enc:salt,...
Uses the specified keysalt list for setting the keys of the
principal. See Keysalt_lists in kdc.conf(5) for a list of pos-
sible values.
-x db_princ_args
Indicates database-specific options. The options for the LDAP
database module are:
-x dn=dn
Specifies the LDAP object that will contain the Kerberos
principal being created.
-x linkdn=dn
Specifies the LDAP object to which the newly created Ker-
beros principal object will point.
-x containerdn=container_dn
Specifies the container object under which the Kerberos
principal is to be created.
-x tktpolicy=policy
Associates a ticket policy to the Kerberos principal.
NOTE:
• The containerdn and linkdn options cannot be specified with
the dn option.
• If the dn or containerdn options are not specified while
adding the principal, the principals are created under the
principal container configured in the realm or the realm
container.
• dn and containerdn should be within the subtrees or princi-
pal container configured in the realm.
Example:
kadmin: addprinc jennifer
No policy specified for "jennifer@ATHENA.MIT.EDU";
defaulting to no policy.
Enter password for principal jennifer@ATHENA.MIT.EDU:
Re-enter password for principal jennifer@ATHENA.MIT.EDU:
Principal "jennifer@ATHENA.MIT.EDU" created.
kadmin:
modify_principal
modify_principal [options] principal
Modifies the specified principal, changing the fields as specified.
The options to add_principal also apply to this command, except for the
-randkey, -pw, and -e options. In addition, the option -clearpolicy
will clear the current policy of a principal.
This command requires the modify privilege.
Alias: modprinc
Options (in addition to the addprinc options):
-unlock
Unlocks a locked principal (one which has received too many
failed authentication attempts without enough time between them
according to its password policy) so that it can successfully
authenticate.
rename_principal
rename_principal [-force] old_principal new_principal
Renames the specified old_principal to new_principal. This command
prompts for confirmation, unless the -force option is given.
This command requires the add and delete privileges.
Alias: renprinc
delete_principal
delete_principal [-force] principal
Deletes the specified principal from the database. This command
prompts for deletion, unless the -force option is given.
This command requires the delete privilege.
Alias: delprinc
change_password
change_password [options] principal
Changes the password of principal. Prompts for a new password if nei-
ther -randkey or -pw is specified.
This command requires the changepw privilege, or that the principal
running the program is the same as the principal being changed.
Alias: cpw
The following options are available:
-randkey
Sets the key of the principal to a random value.
-pw password
Set the password to the specified string. Using this option in
a script may expose the password to other users on the system
via the process list.
-e enc:salt,...
Uses the specified keysalt list for setting the keys of the
principal. See Keysalt_lists in kdc.conf(5) for a list of pos-
sible values.
-keepold
Keeps the existing keys in the database. This flag is usually
not necessary except perhaps for krbtgt principals.
Example:
kadmin: cpw systest
Enter password for principal systest@BLEEP.COM:
Re-enter password for principal systest@BLEEP.COM:
Password for systest@BLEEP.COM changed.
kadmin:
purgekeys
purgekeys [-all|-keepkvno oldest_kvno_to_keep] principal
Purges previously retained old keys (e.g., from change_password -keep-
old) from principal. If -keepkvno is specified, then only purges keys
with kvnos lower than oldest_kvno_to_keep. If -all is specified, then
all keys are purged. The -all option is new in release 1.12.
This command requires the modify privilege.
get_principal
get_principal [-terse] principal
Gets the attributes of principal. With the -terse option, outputs
fields as quoted tab-separated strings.
This command requires the inquire privilege, or that the principal run-
ning the the program to be the same as the one being listed.
Alias: getprinc
Examples:
kadmin: getprinc tlyu/admin
Principal: tlyu/admin@BLEEP.COM
Expiration date: [never]
Last password change: Mon Aug 12 14:16:47 EDT 1996
Password expiration date: [never]
Maximum ticket life: 0 days 10:00:00
Maximum renewable life: 7 days 00:00:00
Last modified: Mon Aug 12 14:16:47 EDT 1996 (bjaspan/admin@BLEEP.COM)
Last successful authentication: [never]
Last failed authentication: [never]
Failed password attempts: 0
Number of keys: 1
Key: vno 1, aes256-cts-hmac-sha384-192
MKey: vno 1
Attributes:
Policy: [none]
kadmin: getprinc -terse systest
systest@BLEEP.COM 3 86400 604800 1
785926535 753241234 785900000
tlyu/admin@BLEEP.COM 786100034 0 0
kadmin:
list_principals
list_principals [expression]
Retrieves all or some principal names. expression is a shell-style
glob expression that can contain the wild-card characters ?, *, and [].
All principal names matching the expression are printed. If no expres-
sion is provided, all principal names are printed. If the expression
does not contain an @ character, an @ character followed by the local
realm is appended to the expression.
This command requires the list privilege.
Alias: listprincs, get_principals, getprincs
Example:
kadmin: listprincs test*
test3@SECURE-TEST.OV.COM
test2@SECURE-TEST.OV.COM
test1@SECURE-TEST.OV.COM
testuser@SECURE-TEST.OV.COM
kadmin:
get_strings
get_strings principal
Displays string attributes on principal.
This command requires the inquire privilege.
Alias: getstrs
set_string
set_string principal name value
Sets a string attribute on principal. String attributes are used to
supply per-principal configuration to the KDC and some KDC plugin mod-
ules. The following string attribute names are recognized by the KDC:
require_auth
Specifies an authentication indicator which is required to au-
thenticate to the principal as a service. Multiple indicators
can be specified, separated by spaces; in this case any of the
specified indicators will be accepted. (New in release 1.14.)
session_enctypes
Specifies the encryption types supported for session keys when
the principal is authenticated to as a server. See Encryp-
tion_types in kdc.conf(5) for a list of the accepted values.
otp Enables One Time Passwords (OTP) preauthentication for a client
principal. The value is a JSON string representing an array of
objects, each having optional type and username fields.
pkinit_cert_match
Specifies a matching expression that defines the certificate at-
tributes required for the client certificate used by the princi-
pal during PKINIT authentication. The matching expression is in
the same format as those used by the pkinit_cert_match option in
krb5.conf(5). (New in release 1.16.)
This command requires the modify privilege.
Alias: setstr
Example:
set_string host/foo.mit.edu session_enctypes aes128-cts
set_string user@FOO.COM otp "[{""type"":""hotp"",""username"":""al""}]"
del_string
del_string principal key
Deletes a string attribute from principal.
This command requires the delete privilege.
Alias: delstr
add_policy
add_policy [options] policy
Adds a password policy named policy to the database.
This command requires the add privilege.
Alias: addpol
The following options are available:
-maxlife time
(duration or getdate string) Sets the maximum lifetime of a
password.
-minlife time
(duration or getdate string) Sets the minimum lifetime of a
password.
-minlength length
Sets the minimum length of a password.
-minclasses number
Sets the minimum number of character classes required in a pass-
word. The five character classes are lower case, upper case,
numbers, punctuation, and whitespace/unprintable characters.
-history number
Sets the number of past keys kept for a principal. This option
is not supported with the LDAP KDC database module.
-maxfailure maxnumber
Sets the number of authentication failures before the principal
is locked. Authentication failures are only tracked for princi-
pals which require preauthentication. The counter of failed at-
tempts resets to 0 after a successful attempt to authenticate.
A maxnumber value of 0 (the default) disables lockout.
-failurecountinterval failuretime
(duration or getdate string) Sets the allowable time between au-
thentication failures. If an authentication failure happens af-
ter failuretime has elapsed since the previous failure, the num-
ber of authentication failures is reset to 1. A failuretime
value of 0 (the default) means forever.
-lockoutduration lockouttime
(duration or getdate string) Sets the duration for which the
principal is locked from authenticating if too many authentica-
tion failures occur without the specified failure count interval
elapsing. A duration of 0 (the default) means the principal re-
mains locked out until it is administratively unlocked with mod-
princ -unlock.
-allowedkeysalts
Specifies the key/salt tuples supported for long-term keys when
setting or changing a principal's password/keys. See
Keysalt_lists in kdc.conf(5) for a list of the accepted values,
but note that key/salt tuples must be separated with commas
(',') only. To clear the allowed key/salt policy use a value of
'-'.
Example:
kadmin: add_policy -maxlife "2 days" -minlength 5 guests
kadmin:
modify_policy
modify_policy [options] policy
Modifies the password policy named policy. Options are as described
for add_policy.
This command requires the modify privilege.
Alias: modpol
delete_policy
delete_policy [-force] policy
Deletes the password policy named policy. Prompts for confirmation be-
fore deletion. The command will fail if the policy is in use by any
principals.
This command requires the delete privilege.
Alias: delpol
Example:
kadmin: del_policy guests
Are you sure you want to delete the policy "guests"?
(yes/no): yes
kadmin:
get_policy
get_policy [ -terse ] policy
Displays the values of the password policy named policy. With the
-terse flag, outputs the fields as quoted strings separated by tabs.
This command requires the inquire privilege.
Alias: getpol
Examples:
kadmin: get_policy admin
Policy: admin
Maximum password life: 180 days 00:00:00
Minimum password life: 00:00:00
Minimum password length: 6
Minimum number of password character classes: 2
Number of old keys kept: 5
Reference count: 17
kadmin: get_policy -terse admin
admin 15552000 0 6 2 5 17
kadmin:
The "Reference count" is the number of principals using that policy.
With the LDAP KDC database module, the reference count field is not
meaningful.
list_policies
list_policies [expression]
Retrieves all or some policy names. expression is a shell-style glob
expression that can contain the wild-card characters ?, *, and []. All
policy names matching the expression are printed. If no expression is
provided, all existing policy names are printed.
This command requires the list privilege.
Aliases: listpols, get_policies, getpols.
Examples:
kadmin: listpols
test-pol
dict-only
once-a-min
test-pol-nopw
kadmin: listpols t*
test-pol
test-pol-nopw
kadmin:
ktadd
ktadd [options] principal
ktadd [options] -glob princ-exp
Adds a principal, or all principals matching princ-exp, to a keytab
file. Each principal's keys are randomized in the process. The rules
for princ-exp are described in the list_principals command.
This command requires the inquire and changepw privileges. With the
-glob form, it also requires the list privilege.
The options are:
-k[eytab] keytab
Use keytab as the keytab file. Otherwise, the default keytab is
used.
-e enc:salt,...
Uses the specified keysalt list for setting the new keys of the
principal. See Keysalt_lists in kdc.conf(5) for a list of pos-
sible values.
-q Display less verbose information.
-norandkey
Do not randomize the keys. The keys and their version numbers
stay unchanged. This option cannot be specified in combination
with the -e option.
An entry for each of the principal's unique encryption types is added,
ignoring multiple keys with the same encryption type but different salt
types.
Alias: xst
Example:
kadmin: ktadd -k /tmp/foo-new-keytab host/foo.mit.edu
Entry for principal host/foo.mit.edu@ATHENA.MIT.EDU with kvno 3,
encryption type aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 added to keytab
FILE:/tmp/foo-new-keytab
kadmin:
ktremove
ktremove [options] principal [kvno | all | old]
Removes entries for the specified principal from a keytab. Requires no
permissions, since this does not require database access.
If the string "all" is specified, all entries for that principal are
removed; if the string "old" is specified, all entries for that princi-
pal except those with the highest kvno are removed. Otherwise, the
value specified is parsed as an integer, and all entries whose kvno
match that integer are removed.
The options are:
-k[eytab] keytab
Use keytab as the keytab file. Otherwise, the default keytab is
used.
-q Display less verbose information.
Alias: ktrem
Example:
kadmin: ktremove kadmin/admin all
Entry for principal kadmin/admin with kvno 3 removed from keytab
FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab
kadmin:
lock
Lock database exclusively. Use with extreme caution! This command
only works with the DB2 KDC database module.
unlock
Release the exclusive database lock.
list_requests
Lists available for kadmin requests.
Aliases: lr, ?
quit
Exit program. If the database was locked, the lock is released.
Aliases: exit, q
HISTORY
The kadmin program was originally written by Tom Yu at MIT, as an in-
terface to the OpenVision Kerberos administration program.
ENVIRONMENT
See kerberos(7) for a description of Kerberos environment variables.
SEE ALSO
kpasswd(1), kadmind(8), kerberos(7)
AUTHOR
MIT
COPYRIGHT
1985-2022, MIT
1.20.1 KADMIN(1)
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