index++(1) General Commands Manual index++(1)
NAME
index++ - SWISH++ indexer
SYNOPSIS
index++ [ options ] directory... file...
DESCRIPTION
index++ is the SWISH++ file indexer. It indexes the specified files
and files in the specified directories; files in subdirectories of
specified directories are also indexed by default (unless either the -r
or --no-recurse option or the RecurseSubdirs variable is given). Files
are indexed either only if their filename matches one of the patterns
in the set specified with either the -e or --pattern option or the In-
cludeFile variable (unless standard input is used; see next paragraph)
or is not in the set specified with either the -E or --no-pattern op-
tion or the ExcludeFile variable.
If there is a single filename of `-', the list of directories and files
to index is instead taken from standard input (one per line). In this
case, filename patterns of files to index need not be specified explic-
itly: all files, regardless of whether they match a pattern (unless
they are in the set not to index specified with either the -E or --no-
pattern option or the ExcludeFile variable), are indexed, i.e., index++
assumes you know what you're doing when specifying filenames in this
manner.
In any case, care must be taken not to specify files or subdirectories
in directories that are also specified: since directories are recur-
sively indexed by default (unless either the -r or --no-recurse option
or the RecurseSubdirs variable is given), explicitly specifying a sub-
directory or file in a directory that is also specified will result in
those files being indexed more than once.
Character Mapping
Characters in the ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) character set are mapped to
their closest ASCII equivalent before further examination and indexing.
(Individual indexing modules may also do their own character mapping.)
Word Determination
Stop words, words that occur too frequently or have no information con-
tent, are not indexed. (There is a default built-in set of a few hun-
dred such English words.) Additionally, several heuristics are used to
determine which words should not be indexed.
First, a word is checked to see if it looks like an acronym. A word is
considered an acronym only if it starts with a capital letter and is
composed exclusively of capital letters, digits, and punctuation sym-
bols, e.g., ``AT&T.'' If a word looks like an acronym, it is indexed
and no further checks are done.
Second, there are several other checks that are applied. A word is not
indexed if it:
1. Is less than Word_Min_Size letters. (Default is 4.)
2. Contains less than Word_Min_Vowels vowels. (Default is 1.)
3. Contains more than Word_Max_Consec_Same of the same character con-
secutively (not including digits). (Default is 2.)
4. Contains more than Word_Max_Consec_Consonants consecutive conso-
nants. (Default is 5.)
5. Contains more than Word_Max_Consec_Vowels consecutive vowels. (De-
fault is 4.)
6. Contains more than Word_Max_Consec_Puncts consecutive punctuation
characters. (Default is 1.)
Filters
Via the FilterFile configuration file variable, files matching particu-
lar patterns can be filtered prior to indexing. Via the FilterAttach-
ment configuration file variable, e-mail attachments whose MIME types
match particular patterns can be filtered prior to indexing. (See FIL-
TERS in swish++.conf(5).)
Incremental Indexing
In order to add words from new documents to an existing index++, either
the entire set of documents can be reindexed or the new documents alone
can be incrementally indexed. In many cases, reindexing everything is
sufficient since index++ is really fast. For a very large document
set, however, this may use too many resources.
However, there is a pitfall for incremental indexing: if any of the -f,
--word-files, -p, or --word-percent options or WordFilesMax or WordPer-
centMax variables are used, then words that are too frequent are dis-
carded. If new documents are added containing very few of those words,
then they could no longer be too frequent. However, there is no way to
get them back since they were discarded.
The way around this problem is not to discard any words by specifying
101%. However, because no words are discarded, the size of the index
file will be larger, perhaps significantly so.
It is possible that, in practice, the loss of words may not be that im-
portant especially if new documents are very similar to old documents
and that words that were too frequent in the old set would also be too
frequent in new set.
Another way around this problem is to do periodic full indexing.
INDEXING MODULES
index++ is written in a modular fashion where different types of files
have different indexing modules. Currently, there are 7 modules: Text
(plain text), HTML (HTML and XHTML), ID3 (ID3 tags found in MP3 files),
LaTeX, Mail (RFC 822 and Usenet News), Manual (Unix manual pages in
nroff(1) with man(7) macros), and RTF (Rich Text Format).
Text Module
This module simply indexes plain text files performing character map-
ping and word determination as has already been described.
HTML and XHTML Module
Additional processing is done for HTML and XHTML files. The additional
processing is:
1. Character and numeric (decimal and hexadecimal) entity references
are converted to their ASCII character equivalents before further
examination and indexing. For example, ``résumé'' be-
comes ``resume'' before indexing.
2. If a matched set of <TITLE> ... </TITLE> tags is found within the
first TitleLines lines of the file (default is 12), then the text
between the tags is stored in the generated index file as the
file's title rather than the file's name. (Every non-space white-
space character in the title is converted to a space; leading and
trailing spaces are removed.)
3. If an HTML or XHTML element contains a CLASS attribute whose value
is among the set of class names specified as those not to index
(via one or more of either the -C or --no-class option or the Ex-
cludeClass variable), then all the text up to the tag that ends the
element will not be indexed.
For an element that has an optional end tag, ``the tag that ends
the element'' is either the element's end tag or a tag of another
element that implicitly ends it; for an element that does not have
an end tag, ``the tag that ends the element'' is the element's
start tag. (See the EXAMPLES.)
All elements from the HTML 4.0 specification (including deprecated
elements), Ruby elements, plus common, browser-specific elements
are recognized; unrecognized elements are ignored. (See the -H or
--dump-html option.)
4. If an HTML or XHTML element contains a TITLE attribute, then the
words specified as the value of the TITLE attribute are indexed.
5. If an AREA, IMG, or INPUT element contains an ALT attribute, then
the words specified as the value of the ALT attribute are indexed.
6. If a META element contains both a NAME and CONTENT attribute, then
the words specified as the value of the CONTENT attribute are in-
dexed associated with the meta name specified as the value of the
NAME attribute.
(However, if either the -A or --no-assoc-meta options or the Asso-
ciateMeta variable is specified, then the words specified as the
value of the CONTENT attribute are still indexed, but not associ-
ated with the meta name.)
(See also the -m, --meta, -M, and --no-meta options or the In-
cludeMeta or ExcludeMeta variables.) Meta names can later be
queried against specifically using search++(1).
7. If a TABLE element contains a SUMMARY attribute, then the words
specified as the value of the SUMMARY attribute are indexed.
8. If an OBJECT element contains a STANDBY attribute, then the words
specified as the value of the STANDBY attribute are indexed.
9. All other HTML or XHTML tags and comments (anything between < and >
characters) are discarded.
In compliance with the HTML specification, any one of no quotes, single
quotes, or double quotes may be used to contain attribute values and
attributes can appear in any order. Values containing whitespace, how-
ever, must be quoted. The specification is vague as to whether white-
space surrounding the = is legal, but index++ allows it.
ID3 Module
ID3 tags are used to store audio meta information for MP3 files (gener-
ally). Since audio files contain mostly binary information, only the
ID3 tag text fields are indexed. ID3 tag versions 1.x and 2.x (through
2.4) are supported (except for encrypted frames). If a file contains
both 1.x and 2.x tags, only the 2.x tag is indexed. The processing
done for files containing an ID3 tag is:
1. If a title field is found, then the value of the title is stored in
the generated index file as the file's title rather than the file's
name. (Every non-space whitespace character in the title is con-
verted to a space; leading and trailing spaces are removed.)
2. Words that are the value of fields are indexed associated with the
field name as a meta name. (However, if either the -A or --no-as-
soc-meta options or the AssociateMeta variable is specified, then
the words specified as the value of the field are still indexed,
but not associated with the field.)
(See also the -m, --meta, -M, and --no-meta options or the In-
cludeMeta or ExcludeMeta variables.) Meta names can later be
queried against specifically using search++(1).
For ID3v1.x, the recommended fields to be indexed are: album,
artist, comments, genre, and title.
For ID3v2.2, the recommended text fields (with reassignments) to be
indexed are: com=comments, tal=album, tcm=composer, tco=genre,
tcr=copyright, ten=encoder, txt=lyricist, tt1=content, tt2=title,
tt3=subtitle, ipl=musicians, tot=original-title, tol=original-lyri-
cist, toa=original-artist, tp1=artist, tp2=performers, tp3=conduc-
tor, tpb=publisher, txx=user, slt=lyrics, and ult=lyrics.
For ID3v2.4, the recommended text fields (with reassignments) to be
indexed are: comm=comments, talb=album, tcom=composer, tcon=genre,
tcop=copyright, tenc=encoder, text=lyricist, tipl=people, tit1=con-
tent, tit2=title, tit3=subtitle, tmcl=musicians, tmoo=mood,
toal=original-title, toly=original-lyricist, tope=original-artist,
town=owner, tpe1=artist, tpe2=performers, tpe3=conductor, tpub=pub-
lisher, tsst=set-subtitle, txxx=user, user=terms, sylt=lyrics, and
uslt=lyrics.
ID3v2.3 is the same as 2.4 except replace tmcl=musicians with
ipls=musicians.
All text fields (with reassignments) for all versions of ID3 can
(and should) be specified concurrently so it need not be known in
advance which version(s) of ID3 MP3 files are encoded with.
3. For ID3v2.x, text fields that are compressed are uncompressed prior
to indexing.
4. For ID3v2.x, Unicode text that is encoded in either UTF-8 or UTF-16
(either big- or little-endian) is decoded prior to indexing.
LaTeX Module
Additional processing is done for LaTeX files. If a \title command is
found within the first TitleLines lines of the file (default is 12),
then the value of the title is stored in the generated index file as
the file's title rather than the file's name. (Every non-space white-
space character in the title is converted to a space; leading and
trailing spaces are removed.)
Mail Module
Additional processing is done for mail and news files. The additional
processing is:
1. If a Subject header is found within the first TitleLines lines of
the file (default is 12), then the value of the subject is stored
in the generated index file as the file's title rather than the
file's name. (Every non-space whitespace character in the title is
converted to a space; leading and trailing spaces are removed.)
2. Words that are the value of a header are indexed associated with
the header name as a meta name. (However, if either the -A or
--no-assoc-meta options or the AssociateMeta variable is specified,
then the words specified as the value of the header are still in-
dexed, but not associated with the header.)
(See also the -m, --meta, -M, and --no-meta options or the In-
cludeMeta or ExcludeMeta variables.) Meta names can later be
queried against specifically using search++(1).
The recommended headers to be indexed are: Bcc, Cc, Comments, Con-
tent-Description, From, Keywords, Newsgroups, Resent-To, Subject,
and To.
3. MIME attachments are indexed.
4. Text that is in the text/enriched content type is converted to
plain text prior to indexing.
5. Text that is encoded as either quoted-printable or base-64 is de-
coded prior to indexing.
6. Unicode text that is encoded in either the UTF-7 or UTF-8 character
set is decoded prior to indexing.
7. Text in vCards is indexed such that the values of types (fields)
are associated with the types as meta names. (However, if either
the -A or --no-assoc-meta options or the AssociateMeta variable is
specified, then the words specified as the value of types are still
indexed, but not associated with the types.)
The recommended vCard types (with reassignments) to be indexed are:
adr=address, categories, class, label=address, fn=name, nickname,
note, org, role, and title.
Indexing mail and news files is most effective only when there is ex-
actly one message per file. While Usenet news files are usually this
way, mail files are not. Mail files, e.g., mailboxes, are usually com-
prised of multiple messages. Such files would need to be split up into
files of individual messages prior to indexing since there's no point
in indexing a single mailbox: every search result would return a rank
of 100 for the same file. Therefore, the splitmail++(1) utility is in-
cluded in the SWISH++ distribution.
Manual Module
Additional processing is done for Unix manual page files. The addi-
tional processing is:
1. If a NAME section heading macro (.SH) is found within the first Ti-
tleLines lines of the file (default is 12), then the contents of
the next line are stored in the generated index file as the file's
title rather than the file's name. (Every non-space whitespace
character in the title is converted to a space; leading and trail-
ing spaces as well as backslash sequences, such as \f2, are re-
moved.)
2. Words that are in a section are indexed associated with the name of
the section as a meta name. (However, if either the -A or --no-as-
soc-meta options or the AssociateMeta variable is specified, then
the words in a section are still indexed, but not associated with
the section heading.)
Spaces in multi-word section headings are converted to dashes,
e.g., ``see also'' becomes ``see-also'' as a meta name. (See also
the -m, --meta, -M, and --no-meta options or the IncludeMeta or Ex-
cludeMeta variables.) Meta names can later be queried against
specifically using search++(1).
The recommended sections to be indexed are: AUTHOR, BUGS, CAVEATS,
DESCRIPTION, DIAGNOSTICS, ENVIRONMENT, ERRORS, EXAMPLES, EXIT-STA-
TUS, FILES, HISTORY, NAME, NOTES, OPTIONS, RETURN-VALUE, SEE-ALSO,
SYNOPSIS, and WARNINGS.
RTF Module
This module simply indexes rich text format files without all format-
ting commands.
OPTIONS
Options begin with either a `-' for short options or a ``--'' for long
options. Either a `-' or ``--'' by itself explicitly ends the options;
either short or long options may be used. Long option names may be ab-
breviated so long as the abbreviation is unambiguous.
For a short option that takes an argument, the argument is either taken
to be the remaining characters of the same option, if any, or, if not,
is taken from the next option unless said option begins with a `-'.
Short options that take no arguments can be grouped (but the last op-
tion in the group can take an argument), e.g., -lrv4 is equivalent to
-l -r -v4.
For a long option that takes an argument, the argument is either taken
to be the characters after a `=', if any, or, if not, is taken from the
next option unless said option begins with a `-'.
-?
--help Print the usage (``help'') message and exit.
-A
--no-assoc-meta Do not associate words with meta names during in-
dexing nor store such associations in the generated
index file. This sacrifices meta names for de-
creased memory usage and index file size.
-cf
--config-file=f The name of the configuration file, f, to use.
(Default is swish++.conf in the current directory.)
A configuration file is not required: if none is
specified and the default does not exist, none is
used; however, if one is specified and it does not
exist, then this is an error.
-Cc
--no-class=c For HTML or XHTML files only, a class name, c, of
an HTML or XHTML element whose text is not to be
indexed. Multiple -C or --no-class options may be
specified.
-em:p[,p...]
--pattern=m:p[,p...]
A module name, m, and a filename pattern (or set of
patterns separated by commas), p, of files to in-
dex. Case is irrelevant for the module name, but
significant for the patterns. Multiple -e or
--pattern options may be specified.
-Ep[,p...]
--no-pattern=p[,p...]
A filename pattern (or set of patterns separated by
commas), p, of files not to index. Case is signif-
icant. Multiple -E or --no-pattern options may be
specified.
-fn
--word-files=n The maximum number of files, n, a word may occur in
before it is discarded as being too frequent. (De-
fault is infinity.)
-Fn
--files-reserve=n Reserve space for this number of files, n, to
start. More space will be allocated as necessary,
but with a slight performance penalty. (Default is
1000.)
-gn
--files-grow=n Grow the space for the reserved number of files, n,
when incrementally indexing. The number can either
be an absolute number of files or a percentage
(when followed by a percent sign %). Just as with
the -F option, more space will be allocated as nec-
essary, but with a slight performance penalty.
(Default is 100.)
-H
--dump-html Dump the built-in set of recognized HTML and XHTML
elements to standard output and exit.
-if
--index-file=f The name of the generated index file, f (for new
indexes; default is swish++.index in the current
directory) or the old index file when doing incre-
mental indexing.
-I
--incremental Incrementally add the indexed files and words to an
existing index++. The existing index++ is not
touched; instead, a new index is created having the
same pathname of the existing index++ with ``.new''
appended.
-l
--follow-links Follow symbolic links during indexing. (Default is
not to follow them.) This option is not available
under Microsoft Windows since it doesn't support
symbolic links.
-mm[=n]
--meta=m[=n] The value of a meta name, m, for which words are to
be associated when indexed. Case is irrelevant.
Multiple -m or --meta options may be specified.
A meta name can be reassigned when followed by a
new name, n, meaning that the name n and not m is
stored in the generated index file so that queries
would use the new name rather than the original.
By default, words associated with all meta names
are indexed. Specifying at least one meta name via
this option changes that so that only the words as-
sociated with a member of the set of meta names ex-
plicitly specified via one or more -m or --meta op-
tions are indexed.
-Mm
--no-meta=m The value of a meta name, m, for which words are
not to be indexed. Case is irrelevant. Multiple
-M or --no-meta options may be specified.
-pn
--word-percent=n The maximum percentage, n, of files a word may oc-
cur in before it is discarded as being too fre-
quent. (Default is 100.) If you want to keep all
words regardless, specify 101.
-P
--no-pos-data Do not store word positions in memory during index-
ing nor in the generated index file needed to do
``near'' searches later during searching. This
sacrifices ``near'' searching for decreased memory
usage and index file size (approximately 50%).
-r
--no-recurse Do not recursively index the files in subdirecto-
ries, that is: when a directory is encountered, all
the files in that directory are indexed (modulo the
filename patterns specified via either the -e,
--pattern, -E, or --no-pattern options or the In-
cludeFile or ExcludeFile variables) but subdirecto-
ries encountered are ignored and therefore the
files contained in them are not indexed. This op-
tion is most useful when specifying the directories
and files to index via standard input. (Default is
to index the files in subdirectories recursively.)
-sf
--stop-file=f The name of a file, f, containing the set of stop-
words to use instead of the built-in set. White-
space, including blank lines, and characters start-
ing with # and continuing to the end of the line
(comments) are ignored.
-S
--dump-stop Dump the built-in set of stop-words to standard
output and exit.
-tn
--title-lines=n The maximum number of lines, n, into a file to look
at for a file's title. (Default is 12.) Larger
numbers slow indexing.
-Td
--temp-dir=d The path of the directory, d, to use for temporary
files. The directory must exist. (Default is /tmp
for Unix or /temp for Windows.)
If your OS mounts swap space on /tmp, as indexing
progresses and more files get created in /tmp, you
will have less swap space, indexing will get
slower, and you may run out of memory. If this is
the case, you should specify a directory on a real
filesystem, i.e., one on a physical disk.
-vn
--verbosity=n The verbosity level, n, for printing additional in-
formation to standard output during indexing. The
verbosity levels, 0-4, are:
0 No output is generated except for errors.
(This is the default.)
1 Only run statistics (elapsed time, number of
files, word count) are printed.
2 Directories are printed as indexing progresses.
3 Directories and files are printed with a word-
count for each file.
4 Same as 3 but also prints all files that are
not indexed and why.
-V
--version Print the version number of SWISH++ to standard
output and exit.
-Wn
--word-threshold=n The word count past which partial indices are gen-
erated and merged since all the words are too big
to fit into memory at the same time. If you in-
dex++ and your machine begins to swap like mad,
lower this value. Only the super-user can specify
a value larger than the compiled-in default.
CONFIGURATION FILE
The following variables can be set in a configuration file. Variables
and command-line options can be mixed, the latter taking priority.
AssociateMeta Same as -A or --no-assoc-meta
ExcludeClass Same as -C or --no-class
ExcludeFile Same as -E or --no-pattern
ExcludeMeta Same as -M or --no-meta
FilesGrow Same as -g or --files-grow
FilesReserve Same as -F or --files-reserve
FilterAttachment (See FILTERS in swish++.conf(5).)
FilterFile (See FILTERS in swish++.conf(5).)
FollowLinks Same as -l or --follow-links
IncludeFile Same as -e or --pattern
IncludeMeta Same as -m or --meta
Incremental Same as -I or --incremental
IndexFile Same as -i or --index-file
RecurseSubdirs Same as -r or --no-recurse
StopWordFile Same as -s or --stop-file
StoreWordPositions Same as -P or --no-pos-data
TempDirectory Same as -T or --temp-dir
TitleLines Same as -t or --title-lines
Verbosity Same as -v or --verbosity
WordFilesMax Same as -f or --word-files
WordPercentMax Same as -p or --word-percent
WordsNear Same as -n or --near
WordThreshold Same as -W or --word-threshold
EXAMPLES
Unix Command-Lines
All these example assume you change your working directory to your web
server's document root prior to indexing.
To index all HTML and text files on a web server:
index++ -v3 -e 'html:*.*htm*' -e 'text:*.txt' .
To index all files not under directories named CVS:
find . -name CVS -prune -o -type f -a -print | index++ -e 'html:*.*htm*' -
Windows Command-Lines
When using the Windows command interpreter, single quotes around file-
name patterns don't work; you must use double quotes:
index++ -v3 -e "html:*.*htm*" -e "text:*.txt" .
This is a problem with Windows, not SWISH++. (Double quotes will also
work under Unix.)
Using CLASS Attributes to Index HTML Selectively
In an HTML or XHTML document, there may be sections that should not be
indexed. For example, if every page of a web site contains a naviga-
tion menu such as:
<SELECT NAME="menu">
<OPTION>Home
<OPTION>Automotive
<OPTION>Clothing
<OPTION>Hardware
</SELECT>
or a common header and footer, then, ordinarily, those words would be
indexed for every page and therefore be discarded because they would be
too frequent. However, via either the -C or --no-class option or the
ExcludeClass variable, one or more class names can be specified and
then HTML or XHTML elements belonging to one of those classes will not
have the text up to the tag that ends them indexed. Given a class name
of, say, no_index, the above menu can be changed to:
<SELECT NAME="menu" CLASS="no_index">
and then everything up to the </SELECT> tag will not be indexed.
For an HTML element that has an optional end tag (such as the <P> ele-
ment), the text up to the tag that ends it will not be indexed, which
is either the element's own end tag or a tag of some other element that
implicitly ends it. For example, in:
<P CLASS="no_index">
This was the poem that Alice read:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<B>Jabberwocky</B><BR>
`Twas brillig, and the slithy toves<BR>
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;<BR>
All mimsy were the borogoves,<BR>
And the mome raths outgrabe.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag implicitly ends the <P> element (as do all block-
level elements) so the only text that is not indexed above is: ``This
was the poem that Alice read.''
For an HTML or XHTML element that does not have an end tag, only the
text within the start tag will not be indexed. For example, in:
<IMG SRC="home.gif" ALT="Home" CLASS="no_index">
the word ``Home'' will not be indexed even though it ordinarily would
have been if the CLASS attribute were not there.
Filters
(See Filters under EXAMPLES in swish++.conf(5).)
EXIT STATUS
Exits with one of the values given below:
0 Success.
1 Error in configuration file.
2 Error in command-line options.
10 Unable to open temporary file.
11 Unable to write index file.
12 Unable to write temporary file.
13 Root-only operation attempted.
30 Unable to read stop-word file.
40 Unable to read index file.
127 Internal error.
CAVEATS
1. Generated index files are machine-dependent (size of data types and
byte order).
2. The word-determination heuristics employed are heavily geared for
English. Using SWISH++ as-is to index and search++ files in non-
English languages is not recommended.
3. Unless otherwise noted above, the character encoding always used is
ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1). Character encodings that are specified in
HTML or XHTML files are ignored.
4. An e-mail message can have both an encoding and a non-ASCII or non-
ISO-8859-1 charset simultaneously, e.g., base64-encoded UTF-8. (In
practice, this particular case should never happen since UTF-7
should be used instead; but you get the idea.)
However, handling both an encoding and such a charset simultane-
ously is problematic; hence, an e-mail message or attachment can
have either an encoding or a non-ASCII or a non-ISO-8859-1 charac-
ter set, but not both. If it does, the encoding takes precedence.
FILES
swish++.conf default configuration file name
swish++.index default index file name
ENVIRONMENT
TMPDIR If set, the default path of the directory to use for tempo-
rary files. The directory must exist. This is superseded by
either the -T or --temp-dir option or the TempDirectory vari-
able.
SEE ALSO
extract++(1), find(1), nroff(1), search++(1), splitmail++(1),
swish++.conf(5), glob(7), man(7).
Tim Berners-Lee. ``The text/enriched MIME Content-type,'' Request for
Comments 1563, Network Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task
Force, January 1994.
David H. Crocker. ``Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Mes-
sages,'' Request for Comments 822, Department of Electrical Engineer-
ing, University of Delaware, August 1982.
Frank Dawson and Tim Howes. ``vCard MIME Directory Profile,'' Request
for Comments 2426, Network Working Group of the Internet Engineering
Task Force, September 1998.
Ned Freed and Nathaniel S. Borenstein. ``Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies,'' Re-
quest for Comments 2045, RFC 822 Extensions Working Group of the Inter-
net Engineering Task Force, November 1996.
David Goldsmith and Mark Davis. ``UTF-7, a mail-safe transformation
format of Unicode,'' Request for Comments 2152, Network Working Group
of the Internet Engineering Task Force, May 1997.
International Standards Organization. ISO 8859-1: Information Process-
ing -- 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets -- Part 1: Latin
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AUTHOR
Paul J. Lucas <pauljlucas@mac.com>
SWISH++ March 25, 2004 index++(1)
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