GPINYIN(1) General Commands Manual GPINYIN(1)
NAME
gpinyin - use Hanyu Pinyin Chinese in roff
SYNOPSIS
gpinyin [input-file ...]
gpinyin -h
gpinyin --help
gpinyin -v
gpinyin --version
DESCRIPTION
gpinyin is a preprocessor for groff(1) that facilitates use of the
Hanyu Pinyin groff(7) files. Pinyin is a method for writing the Chi-
nese language with the Latin alphabet. The Chinese language consists
of more than four hundred syllables, each with one of five different
tones. In Pinyin, a syllable is written in the Latin alphabet and a
numeric tone indicator can be appended to each syllable.
Each input-file is a file name or the hyphen-minus character “-” to in-
dicate that standard input should be read. As usual, the argument “--”
can be used in order to force interpretation of all remaining arguments
as file names, even if an input-file argument begins with the hyphen-
minus character.
Pinyin Sections
Pinyin sections in groff files are enclosed by two .pinyin requests
with different arguments. The starting request is
.pinyin start
or
.pinyin begin
and the ending request is
.pinyin stop
or
.pinyin end
.
Syllables
The spoken Chinese language is based on about 411 syllables; see
⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_table⟩.
In Pinyin, each syllable consists of one to six letters from the Latin
alphabet; these letters comprise the fifty-two upper- and lowercase
letters from the ASCII character set, plus the letter “U” with dieresis
(umlaut) in both cases—in other words, the members of the set
“[a–zA–ZüÜ]”.
In groff input, all ASCII letters are written as themselves. The “u
with dieresis” can be written as “\[:u]” in lowercase or “\[:U]” in up-
percase. Within .pinyin sections, gpinyin supports the form “ue” for
lowercase and the forms “Ue” and “UE” for uppercase.
Tones
Each syllable has exactly one of five tones. The fifth tone is not ex-
plicitly written at all, but each of the first through fourth tones is
indicated with a diacritic above a specific vowel within the syllable.
In a gpinyin source file, these tones are written by adding a numeral
in the range 0 to 5 after the syllable. The tone numbers 1 to 4 are
transformed into accents above vowels in the output. The tone numbers
0 and 5 are synonymous.
The following table summarizes the tones. Some output devices will not
be able to render every output example.
Tone Description Diacritic Example Input Example Output
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
first flat ¯ ma1 mā
second rising ´ ma2 má
third falling-rising ˇ ma3 mǎ
fourth falling ` ma4 mà
fifth neutral (none) ma0 ma
ma5
The neutral tone number can be omitted from a word-final syllable, but
not otherwise.
OPTIONS
-h
--help Print usage information and exit.
-v
--version
Print version information and exit.
AUTHORS
gpinyin was written by Bernd Warken ⟨<groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de>⟩.
SEE ALSO
Useful documents on the World Wide Web related to Pinyin include
“Pinyin” (Wikipedia) ⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin⟩,
“Pinyin table” (Wikipedia) ⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Pinyin_table⟩,
Pinyin to Unicode ⟨http://www.foolsworkshop.com/ptou/index.html⟩,
On-line Chinese Tools ⟨http://www.mandarintools.com/⟩,
Pinyin.info: a guide to the writing of Mandarin Chinese in
romanization ⟨http://www.pinyin.info/index.html⟩,
“Where do the tone marks go?” (Pinyin.info) ⟨http://
www.pinyin.info/rules/where.html⟩,
pinyin.txt from the CJK macro package for TeX ⟨http://
git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=doc/
pinyin.txt;hb=HEAD⟩,
and
pinyin.sty from the CJK macro package for TeX ⟨http://
git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=texinput/p
inyin.sty;hb=HEAD⟩.
groff(1), grog(1), and groffer(1) explain how to view roff documents.
groff(7) and groff_char(7) are comprehensive references covering the
language elements of GNU roff and the available glyph repertoire, re-
spectively.
groff 1.22.4 7 March 2023 GPINYIN(1)
Generated by dwww version 1.15 on Thu Jun 20 12:17:00 CEST 2024.