R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22) -- "Taking Off Again"
Copyright (C) 2020 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
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> options("rgdal_show_exportToProj4_warnings"="none")
> library(sp)
> data(meuse)
> x = meuse
> coordinates(x) = cbind(rnorm(155), rnorm(155))
> # should pass:
> names(x@data)
[1] "x" "y" "cadmium" "copper" "lead" "zinc" "elev"
[8] "dist" "om" "ffreq" "soil" "lime" "landuse" "dist.m"
> names(as.data.frame(x))
[1] "x" "y" "cadmium" "copper" "lead" "zinc"
[7] "elev" "dist" "om" "ffreq" "soil" "lime"
[13] "landuse" "dist.m" "coords.x1" "coords.x2"
> class(as(x, "data.frame"))
[1] "data.frame"
> x = meuse
> # coordinates defined as data:
> coordinates(x) = cbind(xcoord = rnorm(155), ycoord = rnorm(155))
> # should pass:
> names(x@data)
[1] "x" "y" "cadmium" "copper" "lead" "zinc" "elev"
[8] "dist" "om" "ffreq" "soil" "lime" "landuse" "dist.m"
> names(as.data.frame(x))
[1] "x" "y" "cadmium" "copper" "lead" "zinc" "elev"
[8] "dist" "om" "ffreq" "soil" "lime" "landuse" "dist.m"
[15] "xcoord" "ycoord"
> is.projected(x)
[1] NA
> proj4string(x)
[1] NA
>
> set.seed(13131) # make sample reproducable:
> x = meuse[, sample(ncol(meuse))] # 'randomly' shuffle columns
> # coordinates defined as variable names:
> coordinates(x) = c("x", "y") # no matter their position
> #plot(x, cex=.05 * sqrt(x@data[,"zinc"]),
> plot(x, cex=.05 * sqrt(as.data.frame(x)[["zinc"]]),pch=1)
> title("Meuse: zinc bubble plot")
> print(summary(x))
Object of class SpatialPointsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178605 181390
y 329714 333611
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
Number of points: 155
Data attributes:
lime om landuse ffreq zinc
0:111 Min. : 1.000 W :50 1:84 Min. : 113.0
1: 44 1st Qu.: 5.300 Ah :39 2:48 1st Qu.: 198.0
Median : 6.900 Am :22 3:23 Median : 326.0
Mean : 7.478 Fw :10 Mean : 469.7
3rd Qu.: 9.000 Ab : 8 3rd Qu.: 674.5
Max. :17.000 (Other):25 Max. :1839.0
NA's :2 NA's : 1
dist copper cadmium soil dist.m
Min. :0.00000 Min. : 14.00 Min. : 0.200 1:97 Min. : 10.0
1st Qu.:0.07569 1st Qu.: 23.00 1st Qu.: 0.800 2:46 1st Qu.: 80.0
Median :0.21184 Median : 31.00 Median : 2.100 3:12 Median : 270.0
Mean :0.24002 Mean : 40.32 Mean : 3.246 Mean : 290.3
3rd Qu.:0.36407 3rd Qu.: 49.50 3rd Qu.: 3.850 3rd Qu.: 450.0
Max. :0.88039 Max. :128.00 Max. :18.100 Max. :1000.0
lead elev
Min. : 37.0 Min. : 5.180
1st Qu.: 72.5 1st Qu.: 7.546
Median :123.0 Median : 8.180
Mean :153.4 Mean : 8.165
3rd Qu.:207.0 3rd Qu.: 8.955
Max. :654.0 Max. :10.520
>
> # coordinates defined as formula:
> x = meuse[, 1:5]
> coordinates(x) = ~x+y
> print(summary(x))
Object of class SpatialPointsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178605 181390
y 329714 333611
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
Number of points: 155
Data attributes:
cadmium copper lead
Min. : 0.200 Min. : 14.00 Min. : 37.0
1st Qu.: 0.800 1st Qu.: 23.00 1st Qu.: 72.5
Median : 2.100 Median : 31.00 Median :123.0
Mean : 3.246 Mean : 40.32 Mean :153.4
3rd Qu.: 3.850 3rd Qu.: 49.50 3rd Qu.:207.0
Max. :18.100 Max. :128.00 Max. :654.0
>
> # a = NULL
> # cc = cbind(sample(1:10), sample(1:10), sample(1:10))
> # coordinates(a) = cc
> # summary(a)
>
> xx = SpatialPointsDataFrame(matrix(1:10,5,2),data.frame(f = 1:5))
> rbind(xx,xx,xx,xx)
coordinates f
1 (1, 6) 1
2 (2, 7) 2
3 (3, 8) 3
4 (4, 9) 4
5 (5, 10) 5
6 (1, 6) 1
7 (2, 7) 2
8 (3, 8) 3
9 (4, 9) 4
10 (5, 10) 5
11 (1, 6) 1
12 (2, 7) 2
13 (3, 8) 3
14 (4, 9) 4
15 (5, 10) 5
16 (1, 6) 1
17 (2, 7) 2
18 (3, 8) 3
19 (4, 9) 4
20 (5, 10) 5
>
> grd <- GridTopology(c(1,1), c(1,1), c(10,10))
> polys <- as.SpatialPolygons.GridTopology(grd)
> summary(rbind(polys[1:10], polys[11:20], polys[21:30]))
Object of class SpatialPolygons
Coordinates:
min max
x 0.5 10.5
y 7.5 10.5
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
> plot(rbind(polys[1:10],polys[21:30]))
> title("2 x 10 blocks -- test rbind on SpatialPolygons")
>
> l1 = cbind(c(1,2,3),c(3,2,2))
> l1a = cbind(l1[,1]+.05,l1[,2]+.05)
> l2 = cbind(c(1,2,3),c(1,1.5,1))
> Sl1 = Line(l1)
> Sl1a = Line(l1a)
> Sl2 = Line(l2)
> S1 = Lines(list(Sl1, Sl1a), ID="a")
> S2 = Lines(list(Sl2), ID="b")
> Sl = SpatialLines(list(S1,S2))
>
> summary(as(polys, "SpatialLines"))
Object of class SpatialLines
Coordinates:
min max
x 0.5 10.5
y 0.5 10.5
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
> summary(as(Sl, "SpatialPoints"))
Object of class SpatialPoints
Coordinates:
min max
coords.x1 1 3.05
coords.x2 1 3.05
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
Number of points: 9
> summary(as(Sl, "SpatialPointsDataFrame"))
Object of class SpatialPointsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
coords.x1 1 3.05
coords.x2 1 3.05
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
Number of points: 9
Data attributes:
Lines.NR Lines.ID Line.NR
Min. :1.000 Length:9 Min. :1.000
1st Qu.:1.000 Class :character 1st Qu.:1.000
Median :1.000 Mode :character Median :1.000
Mean :1.333 Mean :1.333
3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:2.000
Max. :2.000 Max. :2.000
> SlDf = SpatialLinesDataFrame(Sl, data.frame(xx = c("foo", "bar")), match.ID = FALSE)
> summary(as(SlDf, "SpatialPointsDataFrame"))
Object of class SpatialPointsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
coords.x1 1 3.05
coords.x2 1 3.05
Is projected: NA
proj4string : [NA]
Number of points: 9
Data attributes:
xx Lines.NR Lines.ID Line.NR
Length:9 Min. :1.000 Length:9 Min. :1.000
Class :character 1st Qu.:1.000 Class :character 1st Qu.:1.000
Mode :character Median :1.000 Mode :character Median :1.000
Mean :1.333 Mean :1.333
3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:2.000
Max. :2.000 Max. :2.000
>
> meuse[["xxx"]] = log(meuse$zinc)
> summary(meuse)
x y cadmium copper
Min. :178605 Min. :329714 Min. : 0.200 Min. : 14.00
1st Qu.:179371 1st Qu.:330762 1st Qu.: 0.800 1st Qu.: 23.00
Median :179991 Median :331633 Median : 2.100 Median : 31.00
Mean :180005 Mean :331635 Mean : 3.246 Mean : 40.32
3rd Qu.:180630 3rd Qu.:332463 3rd Qu.: 3.850 3rd Qu.: 49.50
Max. :181390 Max. :333611 Max. :18.100 Max. :128.00
lead zinc elev dist
Min. : 37.0 Min. : 113.0 Min. : 5.180 Min. :0.00000
1st Qu.: 72.5 1st Qu.: 198.0 1st Qu.: 7.546 1st Qu.:0.07569
Median :123.0 Median : 326.0 Median : 8.180 Median :0.21184
Mean :153.4 Mean : 469.7 Mean : 8.165 Mean :0.24002
3rd Qu.:207.0 3rd Qu.: 674.5 3rd Qu.: 8.955 3rd Qu.:0.36407
Max. :654.0 Max. :1839.0 Max. :10.520 Max. :0.88039
om ffreq soil lime landuse dist.m
Min. : 1.000 1:84 1:97 0:111 W :50 Min. : 10.0
1st Qu.: 5.300 2:48 2:46 1: 44 Ah :39 1st Qu.: 80.0
Median : 6.900 3:23 3:12 Am :22 Median : 270.0
Mean : 7.478 Fw :10 Mean : 290.3
3rd Qu.: 9.000 Ab : 8 3rd Qu.: 450.0
Max. :17.000 (Other):25 Max. :1000.0
NA's :2 NA's : 1
xxx
Min. :4.727
1st Qu.:5.288
Median :5.787
Mean :5.886
3rd Qu.:6.514
Max. :7.517
> meuse$xxy = log(meuse[["zinc"]])
> summary(meuse)
x y cadmium copper
Min. :178605 Min. :329714 Min. : 0.200 Min. : 14.00
1st Qu.:179371 1st Qu.:330762 1st Qu.: 0.800 1st Qu.: 23.00
Median :179991 Median :331633 Median : 2.100 Median : 31.00
Mean :180005 Mean :331635 Mean : 3.246 Mean : 40.32
3rd Qu.:180630 3rd Qu.:332463 3rd Qu.: 3.850 3rd Qu.: 49.50
Max. :181390 Max. :333611 Max. :18.100 Max. :128.00
lead zinc elev dist
Min. : 37.0 Min. : 113.0 Min. : 5.180 Min. :0.00000
1st Qu.: 72.5 1st Qu.: 198.0 1st Qu.: 7.546 1st Qu.:0.07569
Median :123.0 Median : 326.0 Median : 8.180 Median :0.21184
Mean :153.4 Mean : 469.7 Mean : 8.165 Mean :0.24002
3rd Qu.:207.0 3rd Qu.: 674.5 3rd Qu.: 8.955 3rd Qu.:0.36407
Max. :654.0 Max. :1839.0 Max. :10.520 Max. :0.88039
om ffreq soil lime landuse dist.m
Min. : 1.000 1:84 1:97 0:111 W :50 Min. : 10.0
1st Qu.: 5.300 2:48 2:46 1: 44 Ah :39 1st Qu.: 80.0
Median : 6.900 3:23 3:12 Am :22 Median : 270.0
Mean : 7.478 Fw :10 Mean : 290.3
3rd Qu.: 9.000 Ab : 8 3rd Qu.: 450.0
Max. :17.000 (Other):25 Max. :1000.0
NA's :2 NA's : 1
xxx xxy
Min. :4.727 Min. :4.727
1st Qu.:5.288 1st Qu.:5.288
Median :5.787 Median :5.787
Mean :5.886 Mean :5.886
3rd Qu.:6.514 3rd Qu.:6.514
Max. :7.517 Max. :7.517
>
> # test behaviour on zero-length objects:
> demo(meuse, ask = FALSE, echo = FALSE)
> p = as(meuse, "SpatialPoints")
>
> p[0]
SpatialPoints:
x y
Coordinate Reference System (CRS) arguments: +proj=sterea
+lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889 +k=0.9999079
+x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs
> dim(p[0])
NULL
>
> meuse[0,]
[1] coordinates cadmium copper lead zinc elev
[7] dist om ffreq soil lime landuse
[13] dist.m
<0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)
> dim(meuse[1:3,0])
[1] 3 0
> dim(subset(meuse, zinc < 100, 0))
[1] 0 0
> dim(subset(meuse, , 0))
[1] 155 0
> dim(subset(meuse, F, 0))
[1] 0 0
>
> dim(meuse.grid[0,])
[1] 0 5
> fullgrid(meuse.grid) = TRUE
> dim(meuse.grid[0,])
[1] 8112 5
> summary(meuse.grid[0,])
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178440 181560
y 329600 333760
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
Grid attributes:
cellcentre.offset cellsize cells.dim
x 178460 40 78
y 329620 40 104
Data attributes:
part.a part.b dist soil ffreq
Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical
NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112
> dim(meuse.grid[,0])
[1] 8112 5
> summary(meuse.grid[,0])
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178440 181560
y 329600 333760
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
Grid attributes:
cellcentre.offset cellsize cells.dim
x 178460 40 78
y 329620 40 104
Data attributes:
part.a part.b dist soil ffreq
Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical Mode:logical
NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112 NA's:8112
> dim(meuse.grid[0,,0])
[1] 8112 0
> summary(meuse.grid[0,,0])
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178440 181560
y 329600 333760
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
Grid attributes:
cellcentre.offset cellsize cells.dim
x 178460 40 78
y 329620 40 104
>
> # SpatialPolygons:
> L = as(meuse.riv, "SpatialPolygons")
> length(L[1])
[1] 1
> length(L[0])
[1] 0
> summary(L[0])
Object of class SpatialPolygons
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
>
> # SpatialPolygonsDataFrame:
> L$something = "bla"
> class(L)
[1] "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"
> length(L[1])
[1] 1
> summary(L[1])
Object of class SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
Data attributes:
something
Length:1
Class :character
Mode :character
> length(L[0])
[1] 1
> summary(L[0])
Object of class SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
>
> # SpatialLines
> L = as(meuse.riv, "SpatialLines")
> length(L[1])
[1] 1
> length(L[0])
[1] 0
> summary(L[0])
Object of class SpatialLines
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
>
> # SpatialLinesDataFrame
> L$something = "bla"
> class(L)
[1] "SpatialLinesDataFrame"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"
> length(L[1])
[1] 1
> summary(L[1])
Object of class SpatialLinesDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
Data attributes:
something
Length:1
Class :character
Mode :character
> length(L[0])
[1] 1
> summary(L[0])
Object of class SpatialLinesDataFrame
Coordinates:
min max
x 178304.0 182331.5
y 325698.5 337684.8
Is projected: TRUE
proj4string :
[+proj=sterea +lat_0=52.1561605555556 +lon_0=5.38763888888889
+k=0.9999079 +x_0=155000 +y_0=463000 +ellps=bessel +units=m +no_defs]
>
> m = meuse
> all.equal(rbind(m[1:3,], m[5:7,]), rbind(m[1:3,], m[0,], m[5:7,]))
[1] TRUE
> all.equal(rbind(m[1:3,], m[5:7,]), rbind(m[0,], m[1:3,], m[0,], m[5:7,]))
[1] TRUE
> all.equal(rbind(m[1:3,], m[5:7,]), rbind(m[1:3,], m[0,], m[5:7,], m[0,]))
[1] TRUE
>
> # match.ID settings for SpatialPointsDataFrame():
> set.seed(1331)
> pts = cbind(1:5, 1:5)
> dimnames(pts)[[1]] = letters[1:5]
> df = data.frame(a = 1:5)
> row.names(df) = letters[5:1]
>
> library(sp)
> options(warn=1) # show warnings where they occur
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) # warn
Warning in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) :
forming a SpatialPointsDataFrame based on maching IDs, not on record order. Use match.ID = FALSE to match on record order
coordinates a
a (1, 1) 5
b (2, 2) 4
c (3, 3) 3
d (4, 4) 2
e (5, 5) 1
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = TRUE) # don't warn
coordinates a
a (1, 1) 5
b (2, 2) 4
c (3, 3) 3
d (4, 4) 2
e (5, 5) 1
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = FALSE) # don't warn
coordinates a
e (1, 1) 1
d (2, 2) 2
c (3, 3) 3
b (4, 4) 4
a (5, 5) 5
> df$m = letters[5:1]
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = "m") # don't warn
coordinates a m
a (1, 1) 5 a
b (2, 2) 4 b
c (3, 3) 3 c
d (4, 4) 2 d
e (5, 5) 1 e
>
> dimnames(pts)[[1]] = letters[5:1]
> pts
[,1] [,2]
e 1 1
d 2 2
c 3 3
b 4 4
a 5 5
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) # don't warn: match doesn't reorder
coordinates a m
e (1, 1) 1 e
d (2, 2) 2 d
c (3, 3) 3 c
b (4, 4) 4 b
a (5, 5) 5 a
>
> # duplicated row name:
> dimnames(pts)[[1]] = letters[c(1:4,1)]
> pts
[,1] [,2]
a 1 1
b 2 2
c 3 3
d 4 4
a 5 5
> xx = try(x <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df))
Warning in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) :
forming a SpatialPointsDataFrame based on maching IDs, not on record order. Use match.ID = FALSE to match on record order
Error in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) :
row.names of data and dimnames of coords do not match
> class(xx)
[1] "try-error"
> xx
[1] "Error in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) : \n row.names of data and dimnames of coords do not match\n"
attr(,"class")
[1] "try-error"
attr(,"condition")
<simpleError in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df): row.names of data and dimnames of coords do not match>
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = FALSE)
Warning in validityMethod(object) :
duplicate rownames are interpreted by rgeos as MultiPoints; use SpatialMultiPoints to define these; in future sp versions this warning will become an error
coordinates a m
e (1, 1) 1 e
d (2, 2) 2 d
c (3, 3) 3 c
b (4, 4) 4 b
a (5, 5) 5 a
> try(x <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = TRUE)) # fail
Error in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = TRUE) :
row.names of data and dimnames of coords do not match
>
> dimnames(pts)[[1]] = letters[5:1]
> row.names(df) = letters[6:2] # non-matching row.names
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df) # do not match.ID
coordinates a m
f (1, 1) 1 e
e (2, 2) 2 d
d (3, 3) 3 c
c (4, 4) 4 b
b (5, 5) 5 a
> SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = FALSE)
coordinates a m
f (1, 1) 1 e
e (2, 2) 2 d
d (3, 3) 3 c
c (4, 4) 4 b
b (5, 5) 5 a
> try(x <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = TRUE)) # fail
Error in SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, df, match.ID = TRUE) :
row.names of data and coords do not match
>
> proc.time()
user system elapsed
0.651 0.042 0.692
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